Corrosion behavior of CLAM steel weld bead in flowing Pb-Bi at 550 °C

Environmental degradation of structural materials in liquid lead- and lead-bismuth eutectic-cooled reactors

“…On the contrary, Mustari et al [261,262] found that the fusion zone of welds prepared by TIG, yttrium-aluminium-garnet (YAG) or EB welding had much thicker oxide scales than the base metal (HCM12A F/M steel) exposed to liquid LBE with C O ≈ 4.7 × 10 − 6 wt% or C O ≈ 7 × 10 − 7 wt% at 600 • C and 650 • C for 500 h. This observation is in accordance with the results reported by Wang et al [263]. Moreover, Chen et al [264][265][266] reported that both the TIG weld and base metal of a China Low Activation Martensitic (CLAM) steel exposed to oxygen-saturated, static or flowing (v ≈ 1.7-2.98 m/s) liquid LBE at 500 • C and 550 • C for 200-1500 h showed similar corrosion modes, but the weld was less resistant to erosion as compared to the base metal. Differences in the steel and weld oxidation behaviour may result from microstructural differences between welds and base metals, such as differences in grain size distribution and secondary precipitates.…”

Influence of LBE Temperatures on the Microstructure and Properties of Crystalline and Amorphous Multiphase Ceramic Coatings

“…where D 0 is a frequency factor, Q is the diffusion activation energy (vacancy diffusion mechanism) or atomic transition activation energy (interstitial diffusion mechanism), R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature. According to the Arrhenius formula, as the temperature increases, the migration of elements such as Fe, Cr, and Ni to the LBE and the migration of elements Pb and Bi to steel accelerate [27,28].…”

“…Figures 8 and 9 show the melting process the temperature. According to the Arrhenius formula, as the temperature increases, the migration of elements such as Fe, Cr, and Ni to the LBE and the migration of elements Pb and Bi to steel accelerate [27,28].…”

Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Lead–Bismuth Eutectic Corrosion Behaviors of FeCrAlY-Al2O3 Nanoceramic Composite Coatings

“…Lead-based materials, as the coolant for lead-cooled fast reactors (LFR), with their superior neutron utilization, heat transfer coefficients, and inherent safety, have sparked widespread interest in LFR [4]. However, the high-temperature corrosion of structural materials by lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) poses several challenges such as oxidation corrosion [5], dissolution corrosion [6], and erosion [7][8][9]. This issue, which threatens the structural integrity of components like thermal insulation components during service, is a crucial limiting factor [4,10].…”