Corrosion behavior of base metal and weld bead of CLAM steel in flowing Pb-Bi at 550 °C

Environmental degradation of structural materials in liquid lead- and lead-bismuth eutectic-cooled reactors

“…On the contrary, Mustari et al [261,262] found that the fusion zone of welds prepared by TIG, yttrium-aluminium-garnet (YAG) or EB welding had much thicker oxide scales than the base metal (HCM12A F/M steel) exposed to liquid LBE with C O ≈ 4.7 × 10 − 6 wt% or C O ≈ 7 × 10 − 7 wt% at 600 • C and 650 • C for 500 h. This observation is in accordance with the results reported by Wang et al [263]. Moreover, Chen et al [264][265][266] reported that both the TIG weld and base metal of a China Low Activation Martensitic (CLAM) steel exposed to oxygen-saturated, static or flowing (v ≈ 1.7-2.98 m/s) liquid LBE at 500 • C and 550 • C for 200-1500 h showed similar corrosion modes, but the weld was less resistant to erosion as compared to the base metal. Differences in the steel and weld oxidation behaviour may result from microstructural differences between welds and base metals, such as differences in grain size distribution and secondary precipitates.…”

Influence of LBE Temperatures on the Microstructure and Properties of Crystalline and Amorphous Multiphase Ceramic Coatings

“…where D 0 is a frequency factor, Q is the diffusion activation energy (vacancy diffusion mechanism) or atomic transition activation energy (interstitial diffusion mechanism), R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature. According to the Arrhenius formula, as the temperature increases, the migration of elements such as Fe, Cr, and Ni to the LBE and the migration of elements Pb and Bi to steel accelerate [27,28].…”

“…Figures 8 and 9 show the melting process the temperature. According to the Arrhenius formula, as the temperature increases, the migration of elements such as Fe, Cr, and Ni to the LBE and the migration of elements Pb and Bi to steel accelerate [27,28].…”

A Review of Corrosion Behavior of Structural Steel in Liquid Lead–Bismuth Eutectic

“…When the liquid LBE is in a high-speed flow state, the liquid LBE will produce highspeed motion relative to the surface of the structural steel material, which will cause continuous damage to the surface of the steel material-that is, erosion on the surface of the steel material [28,[61][62][63][64][65][66]. This is caused by wall shear stresses and fluid turbulence.…”