Corrosion behavior of austenitic stainless steels as a function of pH for use as bipolar plates in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

Kumagai, Masanobu; Myung, Seung‐Taek; Kuwata, Shiho; Asaishi, Ryo; Yashiro, Hitoshi

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2007.12.078

Cited by 129 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This is in good agreement with the previously reported thicknesses of 2 to 4 nm for passive films on stainless steels in aqueous solutions. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26] A small amount of S is contained in the outermost film of the stainless steels formed on both specimens, while Cl is only observed in the outermost film after the LPIG operation regardless of steel type. The S and Cl apparently originate from the solution and the LPIG, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Initiation of Localized Corrosion of Ferritic Stainless Steels by Using the Liquid-Phase Ion Gun Technique

Lee

Kawano²,

Ishii³

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The initiation of localized corrosion of types 430 and 443J1 ferritic stainless steels was evaluated in 0.15 mol dm −3 Na 2 SO 4 solution. A liquid-phase ion gun (LPIG), a silver microelectrode covered with a silver chloride layer, was cathodically polarized to generate Cl − in the vicinity of the stainless steel polarized at 0.4 V SSE . Contact of the stainless steel surface with the Cl − -concentrated environment by the LPIG operation induced a rapid increase in anodic current flow through the stainless steel electrode after the induction period t d and consumption of the cathodic electric charge Q d by the LPIG microelectrode. Numerical modeling using the LPIG microelectrode current for t d gave a critical Cl − concentration [Cl − ] d needed for the initiation of localized corrosion. These parameters obtained by LPIG tests showed that type 443J1 stainless steel was superior to type 430 stainless steel in localized corrosion resistance. AES depth profiling of the stainless steel surfaces after the LPIG operation revealed enrichment of Cl in the outermost oxide film as well as decreased film thickness. The mechanism of degradation of the stainless steel surface due to contact with the Cl − -concentrated solution is discussed. The adsorption of Cl − on the oxide surface is thought to be a trigger of the oxide degradation. Stainless steel, an Fe-based material with a minimum of 11 wt% Cr content, has corrosion resistance, which is attributed to the formation of Cr-and/or Fe-oxide films, so-called passive films, on the surface. The resistance is related to the chemical composition of the film, which is strongly dependent on the chemical composition of the substrate. The pitting resistance equivalent (PRE) number (= wt% Cr + 3.3 (wt% Mo + 0.5 wt% W) + 16 wt% N) has been used to determine the localized corrosion resistance of stainless steel.1 The larger the PRE number of stainless steel is, the greater is the resistance of the stainless steel to localized corrosion. The PRE number is related to the contribution of elements to the resistance of a passive film on stainless steel. Alloying with Cr forms non-crystalline Cr 2 O 3 on stainless steel by a direct reaction of Cr with H 2 O and improves the resistance to localized corrosion.2 Alloying with Mo enhances the protectiveness of a passive film to Cl − by increasing oxygen affinity of the stainless steel.3 Alloying with W inhibits localized corrosion by dissolved WO 4 2− from the passive film to an aqueous electrolyte or by forming insoluble WO 3 , which enhances the stability of the passive film.4 Alloying with N decreases local pH by decreasing acidity in pits due to NH 4 + formation and promotes repassivation. 5 For ferritic stainless steel, however, the effect of N is not quite satisfied and usage of the simple PRE number (= wt% Cr + 3.3 wt% Mo) is proposed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This is attributed to the trans-passive oxidation of Fe, Cr or Ni in the oxide film and/or stainless steel substrate. 19,20 At higher potentials, the anodic current shows a trough and increases due to oxygen evolution. In this solution, no localized corrosion occurs on either of the stainless steels.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initiation of Localized Corrosion of Ferritic Stainless Steels by Using the Liquid-Phase Ion Gun Technique

Lee

Kawano²,

Ishii³

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Cho et al [37] reported that mechanical strength and cost of the carbon composite plates are necessary to be improved. Thus, stainless steels have attracted wide attention to substitute the Page 4 of 34 A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 4 carbonaceous bipolar plates [38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. However, stainless steels could be readily corroded in the PEMFC environment because the SO 4 2− and F − anions released from the membrane polymer in the course of cell operation, leading to low pH.…”

Section: Page 3 Of 34mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy under different operation conditions and corrosion

Kumagai¹,

Ichikawa

Yashiro

2010

Journal of Power Sources

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Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was employed for in situ diagnosis for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells during operation. First, EIS was measured as a function of operation parameters such as applied current density, gas flow rates and gas humidification temperature. The resistance that correlated with conductivity of the membrane and the contact resistance between bipolar plate and gas A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 2 diffusion layer (GDL) was set as R m in the assumed equivalent circuit. The charge transfer resistances were considered for cathode (R ct (C)). The value of R ct (C) was sensitive to the parameters that affected cell voltage. Additionally, the diffusion resistance (R d ) was ascribed to the effect of oxygen supply and drainage of generated water. Second, the influence of corrosion of type 430 stainless steel bipolar plates was evaluated by EIS method during operation. Corrosion of the stainless steel bipolar plates resulted in an increase in the value of R d .

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“…3,4) However, corrosion may occur when the metallic bipolar plates are used in the fuel cells, leading to degradation of power generation performance of the fuel cells. 5) We have focused on the excellent corrosion resistance 6,7) of amorphous/glassy alloys and have tried to develop an amorphous/glassy alloy bipolar plate. In our previous work, the glassy alloy bipolar plates were produced by hot-pressing the melt-spun glassy alloy sheets and the power generation properties of a single fuel cell with them were also examined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Ni-P Amorphous Alloy-Coated Bipolar Plate for PEM Fuel Cell by Electro-Less Plating

et al. 2011

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In this work, electro-less plating was adopted to produce a new metallic bipolar plate coated with amorphous alloy. The Ni-P amorphous alloy thin film was deposited on Al plate with a bipolar plate flow field and its corrosion resistance and contact electrical resistance were measured. As results, it was found that the electro-less plated Ni-P amorphous thin film showed much lower corrosion resistance than the Ni-Cr-P-B metallic glass because of its lack of Cr content and also found that the Ni-P film showed lower contact electrical resistance than the stainless steel SUS316L plate.The electricity generation tests with the single cell having the Ni-P amorphous alloy-coated bipolar plates produced in this study revealed that the single cell with the Ni-P amorphous alloy-coated bipolar plates showed excellent I-V performance as well as the cell with the carbon bipolar plates after 39th repetition. However, the I-V performance degraded gradually and was found to be much lower than that with the carbon bipolar plates after 50th repetition. Then the long time durability tests for 24 h were also conducted at the constant current density of 200 mAÁcm À2 . It was found that the cell voltage of the single cell with the Ni-P amorphous alloy-coated bipolar plates decreased gradually with time.

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Corrosion behavior of austenitic stainless steels as a function of pH for use as bipolar plates in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

Cited by 129 publications

References 27 publications

Initiation of Localized Corrosion of Ferritic Stainless Steels by Using the Liquid-Phase Ion Gun Technique

Initiation of Localized Corrosion of Ferritic Stainless Steels by Using the Liquid-Phase Ion Gun Technique

Evaluation of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy under different operation conditions and corrosion

Production of Ni-P Amorphous Alloy-Coated Bipolar Plate for PEM Fuel Cell by Electro-Less Plating

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