Corrole‐based photodynamic antitumor therapy

Abstract

Study of photodynamic therapy (PDT) based on corroles has become one of the most important topics in corrole chemistry. Advances in synthetic methodology have made it possible for the preparation of structurally diverse corrole photosensitizers. This review covers the recent progress in the study of corrole as a photosensitizer in the photodynamic antitumor therapy. The content is organized in three sections: cellular uptaking and localization of corrole in tumor cells; morphological changes and cytotoxicity after corrole PDT treatment; and the animal level corrole PDT test. The possible mechanism of corrole‐based PDT antitumor activity is also summarized.

Corroles and Hexaphyrins: Synthesis and Application in Cancer Photodynamic Therapy

“…The chemical, physical and photophysical properties of corroles make them valuable photosensitizers for PDT. Therefore, the development of photosensitizers based on the corrole macrocycle has attracted the attention of several research groups and some review articles on this topic have been published [ 9 , 19 , 20 , 75 ]. Herein, the compilation of the latest advances is presented.…”

“…Their free-bases and metal complexes have been explored in a wide range of applications [ 8 , 9 ], namely as promising drug candidates for prevention and treatment of diverse diseases, such as diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ], as antibacterial agents [ 15 ] as well as bio-imaging agents [ 16 ]. Corroles also found application in the photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms (PDI) [ 17 ], sonodynamic therapy [ 18 ] and photodynamic therapy (PDT) [ 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”

Corroles at work: a small macrocycle for great applications

“…Several reviews have been reported with a quite exhaustive state-of-the-art utilization of freebase or metalated corroles as photosensitizers in cancer photodynamic therapy. 13,213,[223][224][225][226][227][228][229][230][231][232][233][234] Different A 3 -and trans-A 2 B-corroles were synthesized and their gallium complexes were prepared and studied as potential photosensitizers in PDT (Fig. 87).…”

Simple, Axial Ligand-Mediated Route to Water-Soluble Iridium Corroles

“… 1 − 5 Recently, porphyrin analogues such as corroles 6 , 7 have also proved promising as anticancer compounds. 8 , 9 Several families of 5d metallocorroles (including ReO, 10 OsN, 11 Ir, 12 Pt, 13 and Au 14 − 17 corroles) that we and others have studied in recent years are relevant in this connection. Although they were originally of interest primarily as curious, size-mismatched metal–ligand assemblies, their photophysical properties, especially near-infrared (NIR) phosphorescence under ambient conditions, now promise a wide range of practical applications, 18 , 19 such as in oxygen sensors, photodynamic therapy, and dye-sensitized solar cells and for triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion.…”