“…The genetic invalidation of Ant1 and Ant2 in the mouse liver enhances the capacity of mitochondria to accumulate Ca 2+ ions, decreases the probability of PTPC opening, and yet does not compromise cell death, suggesting that ANT1 and 2 are dispensable for apoptosis or that other proteins (e.g., ANT4, other members of the mitochondrial carrier protein family as well as other IM protein) may substitute for the lethal functions of ANT1 and 2 in their absence. However, genetic strategies to modulate the expression levels of various ANT isoforms in human cancer cell lines revealed that ANT1 and 3 overexpression favors apoptosis (Bauer et al 1999), whereas increased levels of ANT2 and 4 augment the resistance of cancer cells against death induction (Le Bras et al 2006;Gallerne et al 2010). …”