Corrigendum to “Glyphosate-based herbicide exposure causes antioxidant defence responses in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster previously published at CBPC” [Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C 185–186 (2016) 94–101]

Roundup®, but Not Roundup-Ready® Corn, Increases Mortality of Drosophila melanogaster

“…Our results indicated that the LC 50 for glyphosate in Roundup ® Concentrate Plus of fully mature adult male flies after two days of exposure was 7.1 g/L, was 11.4 g/L for females, and was lower after seven days of exposure. These concentrations generally agree with previous results for Drosophila [82,83], and are fairly similar to the LC 50 found for honeybees in direct contact with glyphosate for 24 h (LC 50 = 5.11 g/L for Apis mellifera and 5.09 g/L for Hypotrigona ruspolii ; our calculations based on data in [94]). Concentrations that increased mortality are well above those found on the corn samples we tested (Section 3.2) and used in the experiments reported above (Section 3.1).…”

“…We particularly expected to see a difference in lifespan and behavior between flies grown on organic corn medium and those grown on herbicide tolerant corn sprayed with Roundup ® , since glyphosate has been shown to increase mortality in Drosophila melanogaster [82,83]. However, since our Roundup ® ready corn sprayed with Roundup ® contained very little glyphosate residue (see Table 1), this treatment did not affect lifespan or behavior; however, further behavioral studies are needed to assess the effects of higher concentrations of glyphosate-based herbicides on reproductive behavior and development.…”

“…Glyphosate was listed by the IARC, a branch of the World Health Organization, as a class 2a “probable human carcinogen” [122], based on evidence from animal models and because the herbicide has been implicated in human non-Hodgkin lymphoma [123,124]. The mechanism of carcinogenicity may be DNA damage that results from the increase in reactive oxygen species induced by Roundup ® and its ingredients, as shown to occur in human blood cells [125] and Drosophila [83]. Behavioral (autism, seizure disorder: [126,127], digestive [128], and metabolic complications may be related to Roundup ® -induced changes in the gut microbiome (humans: [129,130]; poultry: [131]; cattle: [132,133]; mice: [93]; and rats: [134]).…”

Toxicological Effects of Roundup® on Drosophila melanogaster Reproduction

“…Studies of glyphosate exposure in Drosophila show a variety of adverse effects. In Drosophila , glyphosate led to a reduction in ROS (reactive oxygen species) levels and an increase in the gene expression of the antioxidant defense system [ 1 , 39 ]. Glyphosate decreases body size and increases mortality in Drosophila [ 1 , 39 ] at concentrations as low as 1 g/L, which is within the environmentally relevant range [ 19 ].…”

“…In Drosophila , glyphosate led to a reduction in ROS (reactive oxygen species) levels and an increase in the gene expression of the antioxidant defense system [ 1 , 39 ]. Glyphosate decreases body size and increases mortality in Drosophila [ 1 , 39 ] at concentrations as low as 1 g/L, which is within the environmentally relevant range [ 19 ]. As with other species, glyphosate showed reproductive effects in Drosophila , specifically a nearly complete decrease in the presence of larvae in the vials of Drosophila exposed to glyphosate at concentrations above 1 g/L [ 19 ].…”