Corrigendum: Short-lived positron emitters in beam-on PET imaging during proton therapy (2015 Phys. Med. Biol. 60 8923)

Abstract

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Use of short-lived positron emitters for in-beam and real-time β+ range monitoring in proton therapy

“…For this work, experimental data from Dendooven et al experiments [33] at the irradiation facility of the AGOR cyclotron of the University of Groningen were selected since they report production rates of the short-lived + β emitters by 55 MeV protons. Two different experiments were performed using different targets.…”

“…Our comparisons concern basic physical quantities, independent of any measurement device (whose effects have been deconvoluted in the data used) or proton beam line details. Finally, another originality of this paper is that it addresses specifically the case of the 12 N + β emitter which, since the measurements of Dendooven et al [33], is known to be a key isotope that has to be studied in detail when addressing the feasibility of real-time PET measurements.…”

“…Production rates of + β emitters for a 55 MeV proton beam on a PMMA target for the experimental data from Dendooven et al[33] and the GEANT4 simulation with the QGSP_BIC and QGSP_BIC_AllHP models. Uncertainties on measured values include both statistical and systematic uncertainties.…”

Production yields of 𝛽+ emitters for range verification in proton therapy

“…Among others, the biological wash-out effect and the not immediate feedback on the dose delivery. As an alternative, beam-on PET imaging with short-lived isotopes provides real-time feedback and a largest number of counts, as well as it is least susceptible to biological wash-out [9,15].…”

“…A review of the experimental data available indicates that these are in many cases not available in the full energy range of interest (up to ∼200 MeV) and, when they are, there are sizeable discrepancies between the different data sets [5]. Indeed, several studies [6,7] confirm the need for more accurate measurements, especially in the case of the short-lived β + emitters, for which all the data available are just a measurement up to 48 MeV of the excitation function as function of the proton energy for the 12 C(p,n) 12 N reaction [8] and the integral production yields of 12 N, 38m K and 29 P β + emitters below 55 MeV [9]. This work aims to improve the knowledge of the production cross section of the mentioned long-and short-lived β + emitters in the full energy range of interest.…”