Corrigendum: Revisiting the Global Epidemiology of Cholera in Conjunction With the Genomics of Vibrio cholerae

Ramamurthy, Thandavarayan; Mutreja, Ankur; Weill, François-Xavier; Das, Bhabatosh; Ghosh, Amit; Nair, G. Balakrish

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2019.00237

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Since the evolutional change of O1 El Tor in late 1992 into the new Vibrio cholerae serogroup O139 Bengal the cholera epidemic has persisted and spread in Asia. The O139 Bengal had acquired new genetic properties by a deletion of the wbe region of O1 and an insertion of the region wbf encoding the O139 O-antigen, involving homologous recombination or a suggested horizontal gene transfer from a non-O1/non-O139 strain (O22) (32,(39)(40)(41)(42). The new O139 Bengal largely resembled the O1 El Tor but due to absent immunity in the population the new O139 Bengal infected susceptible adults rather than children, which O1 El Tor used to do (42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Rough Variant of Nontoxigenic Vibrio Cholerae O139 Imported From Vietnam

Westerström

Dragsted

2021

Preprint

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Purpose (stating the main purposes and research question)Vibrio cholerae is classified in O-antigen polysaccharide outer membrane properties where O1 and O139 are strains that cause pandemics and epidemics while non-O1/non-O139 usually cause mild disease. The dynamic evolution of Vibrio cholerae involves new virulence factors through horizontal gene transfer and formerly nontoxigenic serogroups are being reported as causing increasingly severe forms of human disease. Our purpose was to investigate serogroup and virulence factors in one imported isolate from Vietnam and compare these to virulence factors seen in different strains of Vibrio cholerae.MethodsWe have serotyped one isolate of imported Vibrio cholerae from Vietnam to Denmark and performed whole genome sequencing to identify known virulence genes. ResultsWe have identified virulence factors in our isolate that are recently discovered and one toxin, MakA, has not previously been reported from an Asian strain. The isolate was found to be a serogroup non-O1/non-O139 strain, however, sequence analysis gave a 96, 6% ID match of the wbfZ gene, stipulating our isolate to belong to either serogroup O22 or O139. ConclusionsLooking at the combination of virulence factors of the isolate we suggest the finding of a rough variant of a nontoxigenic Vibrio cholerae O139 rather than a O22 serogroup version. This is a rare finding in a clinical isolate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the years 1993-95 there was a local predominance of the O139 Bengal in reported cases of cholera disease in Bangladesh and parts of India, until a new clone of O1 El Tor reemerged. The two strains O1/O139 are now responsible for the ongoing cholera epidemic in Asia, still globally referred to as the 7th pandemic of cholera (41,43).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rough Variant of Nontoxigenic Vibrio Cholerae O139 Imported From Vietnam

Westerström

Dragsted

2021

Preprint

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“…Historically, the serogroup O139 was discovered in 1992 when a new pathogenic biotype, related to O1 El Tor, appeared in India and Bangladesh. Subsequently, this strain was named O139 and was found to have a limited distribution in the Indian subcontinent and Asia [ 49 ]. In the current study, V .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of chironomid species as natural reservoirs of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae strains with pandemic potential

et al. 2020

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Vibrio cholerae causes the fatal cholera diarrhea. Chironomids (Diptera; Chironomidae) are abundant in freshwater aquatic habitats and estuaries and are natural reservoirs of V. cholerae. Until now, only the non-O1/O139 serogroups of V. cholerae were identified in chironomids. Here, we explored whether chironomids are natural reservoirs of V. cholerae O1/O139 serogroups, which are associated with cholera endemics and pandemics. All four life stages of chironomids were sampled from two rivers, and a laboratory culture in Pune, India, and from a pond in Israel. In total, we analyzed 223 chironomid samples. The presence of V. cholerae O1/O139 serogroups was verified using molecular tools. Nine chironomid species were identified; of them, Chironomus circumdatus was the most abundant. The presence of V. cholerae serogroup O1 and the cholera toxin genes were detected in samples from all chironomid species. However, serogroup O139 was detected in only two chironomid species. Besides PCR to detect specific genes, a metagenomic analysis that was performed in three selected C. ramosus larvae, identified a list of virulence genes associated with V. cholerae. The findings provide evidence that chironomids are natural reservoirs of toxigenic V. cholerae O1/O139. Chironomid populations and V. cholerae show biannual peak patterns. A similar pattern is found for cholera epidemics in the Bengal Delta region. Thus, we hypothesize that monitoring chironomids in endemic areas of the disease may provide a novel tool for predicting and preventing cholera epidemics. Moreover, serogroup O139 was detected only in two chironomid species that have a restricted distribution in the Indian subcontinent, possibly explaining why the distribution of the O139 serogroup is limited.

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“…Globally, WHO reported about 2.9 million new cases of cholera in 69 cholera-endemic countries and 21,000–143,000 cholera-associated deaths to occur every year worldwide [ 1 ]. Also, more than one million new cases and 5654 deaths were reported from 34 countries [ 2 ]. Two serogroups, O1 and O139 were related to the cholera outbreak and also were the predominant circulating serogroups exhibiting multi-drug resistance during the cholera outbreak [ 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, more than one million new cases and 5654 deaths were reported from 34 countries [ 2 ]. Two serogroups, O1 and O139 were related to the cholera outbreak and also were the predominant circulating serogroups exhibiting multi-drug resistance during the cholera outbreak [ 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global status of antimicrobial resistance among environmental isolates of Vibrio cholerae O1/O139: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Yuan

Vaziri

et al. 2022

Antimicrob Resist Infect Control

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Background Vibrio cholerae O1/O139 were the predominant circulating serogroups exhibiting multi-drug resistance (MDR) during the cholera outbreak which led to cholera treatment failures. Objective This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the weighted pooled resistance (WPR) rates in V. cholerae O1/O139 isolates obtained from environmental samples. Methods We systematically searched the articles in PubMed, Scopus, and Embase (until January 2020). Subgroup analyses were then employed by publication year, geographic areas, and the quality of studies. Statistical analyses were conducted using STATA software (ver. 14.0). Results A total of 20 studies investigating 648 environmental V. cholerae O1/O139 isolates were analysed. The majority of the studies were originated from Asia (n = 9). In addition, a large number of studies (n = 15 i.e. 71.4%) included in the meta-analysis revealed the resistance to cotrimoxazole and ciprofloxacin. The WPR rates were as follows: cotrimoxazole 59%, erythromycin 28%, tetracycline 14%, doxycycline 5%, and ciprofloxacin 0%. There was increased resistance to nalidixic acid, cotrimoxazole, furazolidone, and tetracycline while a decreased resistance to amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, streptomycin, and ceftriaxone was observed during the years 2000–2020. A significant decrease in the doxycycline and ciprofloxacin-resistance rates in V. cholerae O1/O139 isolates was reported over the years 2011–2020 which represents a decrease in 2001–2010 (p < 0.05). Conclusions Fluoroquinolones, gentamicin, ceftriaxone, doxycycline, kanamycin, and cefotaxime showed the highest effectiveness and the lowest resistance rate. However, the main interest is the rise of antimicrobial resistance in V. cholerae strains especially in low-income countries or endemic areas, and therefore, continuous surveillance, careful appropriate AST, and limitation on improper antibiotic usage are crucial.

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Corrigendum: Revisiting the Global Epidemiology of Cholera in Conjunction With the Genomics of Vibrio cholerae

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

A Rough Variant of Nontoxigenic Vibrio Cholerae O139 Imported From Vietnam

A Rough Variant of Nontoxigenic Vibrio Cholerae O139 Imported From Vietnam

Identification of chironomid species as natural reservoirs of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae strains with pandemic potential

Global status of antimicrobial resistance among environmental isolates of Vibrio cholerae O1/O139: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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