Using the Stress Multifactor Theory model, this study explores the underlying mechanisms of the impact of mutual self-dependence on the psychological stress of firefighting and rescue personnel. Methods: Self-concept measurement scales and a self-assessment questionnaire for military psychological stress were utilized. Results: 4.43% of firefighting and rescue personnel exhibited high levels of psychological stress. Mutual self-dependence has a significant negative predictive effect on the psychological stress of firefighting and rescue personnel (r = -.103, p < .01). Conclusion: The research on the impact of mutual self-dependence on the psychological stress of firefighting and rescue personnel aims to better understand and support this unique professional group, thereby improving their mental well-being and job performance. This contributes to ensuring their effective fulfillment of rescue missions, safeguarding lives and property.