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Abstract:In the original article, there was a mistake in Figure 1 as published. The dose of oral route FMT was mislabeled. The corrected Figure 1 appears below.The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.
“…The results of meta-analysis are reported in the Appendix. (31)]. The study recruitment periods were not reported for these two studies.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The participants were recruited from general hospitals in two major cities, Phoenix, Arizona, and Chongqing, People's Republic of China. All patients completed the entire course of the experiment without withdrawals (30,31).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the study conducted by Kang et al (30), 18 children with ASD and 20 neurotypical children were enrolled. In the study conducted by Li et al (31), 40 children with ASD and 16 neurotypical children were enrolled. In the two studies, only children with ASD received the FMT treatment; therefore, only the outcome data of children with ASD were included in the metaanalysis.…”
Section: Data Collectionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The duration of FMT in the two studies was 10 weeks (30) and 4 weeks (31), respectively. The two studies were conducted among the patients aged 3 to 17 and were published in 2017 (30) and 2021 (31), respectively. The two studies (30, 31) provided information on the sex ratio of ASD subjects (mainly males) and noted at least one comorbidity, especially GI symptoms.…”
Section: Two Prospective Open-label Studies Study Characteristicsmentioning
BackgroundFecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) may be helpful in the treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as rebalancing the gut microbiome has been shown to potentially improve behavioral symptoms in children with ASD.MethodsThis systematic review was conducted to assess the effect of FMT for children with ASD. The Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for articles published from inception to October 6, 2022. Two reviewers independently screened the identified records and undertook data extraction.ResultsThe search identified a total of five studies: two prospective open-label studies, two retrospective observational studies, and a case report; however, no randomized controlled trial was identified. All five studies reported a significant post-FMT-treatment improvement in neuropsychological assessment of ASD. The two prospective open-label studies suggested that the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) score, and the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) score at the posttreatment assessment decreased from the baseline (Wilcoxon signed-rank test; all p < 0.01]). The two retrospective observational studies suggested that FMT helped to improve the ASD symptoms. One observational study reported that the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) score and ABC score of the constipation group decreased from the baseline after the second course assessment (CARS [baseline: mean 35.25 ± standard deviation 4.36, second course: 32.5 ± 3.1, p = 0.015]; ABC [baseline: 56.21 ± 16.08, second course: 46.54 ± 16.54, p = 0.046]). Another observational study found that both ABC and CARS scores decreased as the number of FMT courses increased, and significant differences were found at the end of each course as compared with the baseline.ConclusionCompared with the baseline, FMT significantly improved symptoms of autism in children with ASD in observational studies. However, rigorously designed randomized controlled clinical trials are needed to establish the safety and efficacy of FMT as a treatment for ASD.
“…The results of meta-analysis are reported in the Appendix. (31)]. The study recruitment periods were not reported for these two studies.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The participants were recruited from general hospitals in two major cities, Phoenix, Arizona, and Chongqing, People's Republic of China. All patients completed the entire course of the experiment without withdrawals (30,31).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the study conducted by Kang et al (30), 18 children with ASD and 20 neurotypical children were enrolled. In the study conducted by Li et al (31), 40 children with ASD and 16 neurotypical children were enrolled. In the two studies, only children with ASD received the FMT treatment; therefore, only the outcome data of children with ASD were included in the metaanalysis.…”
Section: Data Collectionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The duration of FMT in the two studies was 10 weeks (30) and 4 weeks (31), respectively. The two studies were conducted among the patients aged 3 to 17 and were published in 2017 (30) and 2021 (31), respectively. The two studies (30, 31) provided information on the sex ratio of ASD subjects (mainly males) and noted at least one comorbidity, especially GI symptoms.…”
Section: Two Prospective Open-label Studies Study Characteristicsmentioning
BackgroundFecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) may be helpful in the treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as rebalancing the gut microbiome has been shown to potentially improve behavioral symptoms in children with ASD.MethodsThis systematic review was conducted to assess the effect of FMT for children with ASD. The Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for articles published from inception to October 6, 2022. Two reviewers independently screened the identified records and undertook data extraction.ResultsThe search identified a total of five studies: two prospective open-label studies, two retrospective observational studies, and a case report; however, no randomized controlled trial was identified. All five studies reported a significant post-FMT-treatment improvement in neuropsychological assessment of ASD. The two prospective open-label studies suggested that the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) score, and the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) score at the posttreatment assessment decreased from the baseline (Wilcoxon signed-rank test; all p < 0.01]). The two retrospective observational studies suggested that FMT helped to improve the ASD symptoms. One observational study reported that the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) score and ABC score of the constipation group decreased from the baseline after the second course assessment (CARS [baseline: mean 35.25 ± standard deviation 4.36, second course: 32.5 ± 3.1, p = 0.015]; ABC [baseline: 56.21 ± 16.08, second course: 46.54 ± 16.54, p = 0.046]). Another observational study found that both ABC and CARS scores decreased as the number of FMT courses increased, and significant differences were found at the end of each course as compared with the baseline.ConclusionCompared with the baseline, FMT significantly improved symptoms of autism in children with ASD in observational studies. However, rigorously designed randomized controlled clinical trials are needed to establish the safety and efficacy of FMT as a treatment for ASD.
“…Recently, the efficacy of FMT has been observed in changing not only the gut microbiome composition but also the host metabolome and epigenome of immune cells ( 14 ). Several case reports and animal models have also revealed the probable therapeutic effects of FMT in patients with severe multiple sclerosis ( 15 ), autism ( 16 ), multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections ( 17 ), and multiple organ dysfunction in critical patients ( 18 ). Furthermore, the studies also demonstrated the positive effects of immunotherapy on melanoma with FMT in an animal model and clinical trial ( 19 , 20 ).…”
Section: Fmt For Extraintestinal Disordersmentioning
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been proved to be an effective treatment for gastrointestinal disorders caused due to microbial disbalance. Nowadays, this approach is being used to treat extragastrointestinal conditions like metabolic and neurological disorders, which are considered to have their provenance in microbial dysbiosis in the intestine. Even though case studies and clinical trials have demonstrated the potential of FMT in treating a variety of ailments, safety and ethical concerns must be answered before the technique is widely used to the community's overall benefit. From this perspective, it is not unexpected that techniques for altering gut microbiota may represent a form of medication whose potential has not yet been thoroughly addressed. This review intends to gather data on recent developments in FMT and its safety, constraints, and ethical considerations.
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