Corrigendum

Abstract

This corrigendum improves upon the size-dependent representation of graupel and hail terminal velocities, kinetic energies, and mass fluxes that were reported in the Heymsfield et al. (2018) study. In particular, representation of these dependencies on diameter over the full range of particle sizes is improved upon by correcting minor errors and by developing representations that cover different size ranges.

A Wind Tunnel Investigation into the Aerodynamics of Lobed Hailstones

“…That is, C D decreases with increasing size and mass (see also Figure 7). Nevertheless, the curve of Heymsfield et al [27] is in good agreement with our data showing an average deviation of 10 % for the arbitrarily chosen q4 long hailstone. The curve for spherical hailstones given in Rasmussen and Heymsfield [28] results in the lowest values of Re, which is due to the use of a constant drag coefficient of 0.6.…”

“…This is also supported by our results which show that the drag for spheres is constant until at least Re = 10 4.85 (see Figure 4). Conversely, the decreasing trend of C D with increasing Re of the Wang et al [12] data was also found for natural hailstones by Heymsfield et al [27] which is indicated by the gray dashed curve in Figure 7.…”

“…The curve for spherical hailstones given in Rasmussen and Heymsfield [28] results in the lowest values of Re, which is due to the use of a constant drag coefficient of 0.6. Even though this value has been often used in literature for ice particles (e.g., Böhm [29]), it compares to the present results with a higher uncertainty than the parameterization of Heymsfield et al [27]. The deviation from the curves of the present study and the parameterization of Rasmussen and Heymsfield [28] are 4 % for the long lobed hailstones and 33 % for the spheres which can be viewed as lower and upper limits.…”

“…Figure 8 shows the corrected Reynolds number (Re c ) (see Section 3.1 and Equation ( 5)) versus the Best number (X) for the present results as well as for spherical and natural hailstones. The solid lines represent the wind tunnel data and the dashed lines are parameterizations from observations of natural hailstones and spherical hailstone models from the study of Heymsfield et al [27] (gray dashed curve);…”

An ERA‐Interim HAILCAST hail climatology for southern Africa

“…Hail with diameters between 1 and 1.9 cm may cause some damage to vineyards and orchards (Dessens et al ., 2007; Morel, 2014; Brown et al ., 2015; Rasuly et al ., 2015) while hail with diameters larger than 2 cm damage cars, roofs, and cause severe damage to plants and crops. The impact speed of 2 cm hail varies between 55 and 65 kmh −1 (Heymsfield et al ., 2020). The impact of hail larger than 3 cm is to damage buildings and cars (Rasuly et al ., 2015).…”