Corresponding influences of top-down control on task switching and long-term memory

Richter, Franziska R.; Yeung, Nick

doi:10.1080/17470218.2014.976579

Cited by 17 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Collectively, our behavioural results replicate and extend previous findings [21,31]. Recognition memory scores for seen objects and words were predictive of earlier attention switching performance, but only when considered in terms of memory selectivity and not global memory scores.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…A strong interpretation of the behavioural data collected here and elsewhere [21,22] could be that memory is nothing more than enduring traces of processing that is guided by top-down cognitive control (cf. [31]). This interpretation provides an attractively simple account of the behavioural interactions between memory and cognitive control in attention switching.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In previous work we have used behavioural measures to demonstrate a relationship between memory and switching. Thus, just as performance is impaired during switching because processing of task-relevant information is disrupted by the presence of distracting task-irrelevant information [29–31], switching affects later memory in terms of impaired memory for task-relevant items but surprisingly improved memory for task-irrelevant items [21]. Meanwhile, factors that facilitate effective top-down control, such as increased preparation time and reward incentives, lead to improved switching and corresponding increases in the selectivity of memory (cf.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ERP Correlates of Encoding Success and Encoding Selectivity in Attention Switching

Richter

Yeung

2016

PLoS ONE

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Long-term memory encoding depends critically on effective processing of incoming information. The degree to which participants engage in effective encoding can be indexed in electroencephalographic (EEG) data by studying event-related potential (ERP) subsequent memory effects. The current study investigated ERP correlates of memory success operationalised with two different measures—memory selectivity and global memory—to assess whether previously observed ERP subsequent memory effects reflect focused encoding of task-relevant information (memory selectivity), general encoding success (global memory), or both. Building on previous work, the present study combined an attention switching paradigm—in which participants were presented with compound object-word stimuli and switched between attending to the object or the word across trials—with a later recognition memory test for those stimuli, while recording their EEG. Our results provided clear evidence that subsequent memory effects resulted from selective attentional focusing and effective top-down control (memory selectivity) in contrast to more general encoding success effects (global memory). Further analyses addressed the question of whether successful encoding depended on similar control mechanisms to those involved in attention switching. Interestingly, differences in the ERP correlates of attention switching and successful encoding, particularly during the poststimulus period, indicated that variability in encoding success occurred independently of prestimulus demands for top-down cognitive control. These results suggest that while effects of selective attention and selective encoding co-occur behaviourally their ERP correlates are at least partly dissociable.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ERP Correlates of Encoding Success and Encoding Selectivity in Attention Switching

Richter

Yeung

2016

PLoS ONE

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“…We further suggest that these elicitors of control indicate that upcoming stimuli are goal-relevant and prime the cognitive system for enhanced learning, given evidence that increased control enhances subsequent memory for task-relevant stimuli (Richter and Yeung, 2015). These observations lead to testable hypotheses that both uncertainty and explicit control signals under prolonged reward anticipation will benefit cognitive control and subsequent memory for task-relevant information, and that these benefits should be supported by prolonged, ramping dopaminergic activity.…”

Section: Reward Anticipation Dynamics: Synthesizing Across Findingsmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Traditional models of cognitive control and memory suggest a resource-sharing account whereby increased control is associated with worse subsequent memory (Craik et al, 1996), but more recent investigations indicate that control and memory can work synergistically, with increased top-down control leading to increased memory selectivity for task-relevant information (Richter and Yeung, 2015; Chiu and Egner, 2016). Given that contexts where controlled performance may optimize reward are arguably situations where learning is most critical for future reward-seeking, it is important to investigate for a common role of DA and characterize its potentially synergistic activity across cognitive domains.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reward Anticipation Dynamics during Cognitive Control and Episodic Encoding: Implications for Dopamine

Chiew

Stanek

Adcock

2016

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Dopamine (DA) modulatory activity critically supports motivated behavior. This modulation operates at multiple timescales, but the functional roles of these distinct dynamics on cognition are still being characterized. Reward processing has been robustly linked to DA activity; thus, examining behavioral effects of reward anticipation at different timing intervals, corresponding to different putative dopaminergic dynamics, may help in characterizing the functional role of these dynamics. Towards this end, we present two research studies investigating reward motivation effects on cognitive control and episodic memory, converging in their manipulation of rapid vs. multi-second reward anticipation (consistent with timing profiles of phasic vs. ramping DA, respectively) on performance. Under prolonged reward anticipation, both control and memory performances were enhanced, specifically when combined with other experimental factors: task-informative cues (control task) and reward uncertainty (memory task). Given observations of ramping DA under uncertainty (Fiorillo et al., 2003) and arguments that uncertainty may act as a control signal increasing environmental monitoring (Mushtaq et al., 2011), we suggest that task information and reward uncertainty can both serve as “need for control” signals that facilitate learning via enhanced monitoring, and that this activity may be supported by a ramping profile of dopaminergic activity. Observations of rapid (i.e., phasic) reward on control and memory performance can be interpreted in line with prior evidence, but review indicates that contributions of different dopaminergic timescales in these processes are not well-understood. Future experimental work to clarify these dynamics and characterize a cross-domain role for reward motivation and DA in goal-directed behavior is suggested.

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Different impact of task switching and response-category conflict on subsequent memory

Muhmenthaler

Meier

2019

Psychological Research

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The impact of cognitive control demands on long-term memory is mixed, with some conflicts leading to better, others leading to worse subsequent memory. The current study was designed to investigate how different types of cognitive control demands modulate the effects on memory. At study, participants had to switch between two classification tasks and later, free recall performance was assessed. The stimuli consisted of two interleaved words, one word had to be categorized and the other word had to be ignored. In four experiments, the congruency between target and ignored words was manipulated by changing the distractor category. This allowed us to investigate the impact of different types of conflict (i.e., task switching, perceptual load, response-category conflict, stimulus-category conflict). The results revealed that task switching impaired memory in all experiments. In Experiment 1, higher perceptual load also impaired memory. Experiments 2–4 showed that the co-activation of two words which required different responses (i.e., response-category conflict) enhanced memory performance but only when the conflict stimuli were presented in pure blocks. Overall, memory performance seems to depend on attentional policies. Withdrawing attention from target encoding results in lower memory performance. In contrast, focusing attention on the target results in enhanced memory performance.

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Corresponding influences of top-down control on task switching and long-term memory

Cited by 17 publications

References 88 publications

ERP Correlates of Encoding Success and Encoding Selectivity in Attention Switching

ERP Correlates of Encoding Success and Encoding Selectivity in Attention Switching

Reward Anticipation Dynamics during Cognitive Control and Episodic Encoding: Implications for Dopamine

Different impact of task switching and response-category conflict on subsequent memory

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