Correspondence of executive function related functional and anatomical alterations in aging brain

Di, Xin; Rypma, Bart; Biswal, Bharat B.

doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.09.001

Cited by 55 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 81 publications

(116 reference statements)

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“…It has been shown that there are great age-related gray matter reductions in the PFC (Raz et al, 2005; Fjell et al, 2009; Di et al, 2014), particularly in the inferior frontal subregions (Resnick et al, 2003). This atrophy may result in age-related memory deficits by affecting the use of self-initiated elaborative memory strategies in older adults (Craik and Rose, 2012; Kirchhoff et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Matters: Hippocampal Volume Predicts Individual Differences in Associative Memory in Cognitively Normal Older Women but Not Men

Zheng

Li²,

Xiao

et al. 2017

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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The hippocampus plays a prominent role in associative memory by supporting relational binding and recollection processes. Structural atrophy in the hippocampus is likely to induce associative memory deficits in older adults. Previous studies have primarily focused on average age-related differences in hippocampal structure and memory performance. To date, however, it remains unclear whether individual differences in hippocampal morphometry underlie differential associative memory performance, and whether there are sex differences in the structural correlates of associative memory in healthy older adults. Here, we used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to examine the extent to which gray matter volume (GMV) of the hippocampus predicts associative memory performance in cognitively normal older adults. Seventy-one participants completed a cued recall paired-associative learning test (PALT), which consists of novel associations and semantically related associations, and underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We observed worse associative memory performance and larger variability for novel associations than for semantically related associations. The VBM results revealed that higher scores on associative memory for novel associations were related to greater hippocampal GMV across all older adults. When considering men and women separately, the correlation between hippocampal GMV and associative memory performance for novel associations reached significance only in older women. These findings suggest that hippocampal structural volumes may predict individual differences in novel associative memory in older women but not men.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Matters: Hippocampal Volume Predicts Individual Differences in Associative Memory in Cognitively Normal Older Women but Not Men

Zheng

Li²,

Xiao

et al. 2017

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…Moreover, many of the findings do not necessarily imply that hippocampal grey matter volume reduces with age, because the same relationship may be found in younger individuals. In fact, findings on age-related hippocampal shrinkage are partly heterogeneous as well: Although many studies revealed a negative relationship between hippocampal grey matter volume and age (e.g., [26, 27, 30, 38]), others did not [28]. …”

Section: Neurocognitive Changes Associated With Normal Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociating Normal Aging from Alzheimer’s Disease: A View from Cognitive Neuroscience

Toepper

2017

JAD

136

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Both normal aging and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are associated with changes in cognition, grey and white matter volume, white matter integrity, neural activation, functional connectivity, and neurotransmission. Obviously, all of these changes are more pronounced in AD and proceed faster providing the basis for an AD diagnosis. Since these differences are quantitative, however, it was hypothesized that AD might simply reflect an accelerated aging process. The present article highlights the different neurocognitive changes associated with normal aging and AD and shows that, next to quantitative differences, there are multiple qualitative differences as well. These differences comprise different neurocognitive dissociations as different cognitive deficit profiles, different weights of grey and white matter atrophy, and different gradients of structural decline. These qualitative differences clearly indicate that AD cannot be simply described as accelerated aging process but on the contrary represents a solid entity.

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“…While a variety of age-related alterations in brain activation during cognitive control tasks have been reported, among the most common appears to be increased activation of the frontal cortex (DiGirolamo et al, 2001; Drag and Bieliauskas, 2010; Spreng et al, 2010; Gazes et al, 2012; Di et al, 2014). In particular, older adults are often found to show greater activation than younger adults in right frontal regions (reviewed in Dennis and Cabeza, 2008; Reuter-Lorenz and Park, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related increases in right frontal activation during task switching are mediated by reaction time and white matter microstructure

et al. 2014

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Age-related increases in right frontal cortex activation are a common finding in the neuroimaging literature. However, neurocognitive factors contributing to right frontal over-recruitment remain poorly understood. Here we investigated the influence of age-related reaction time (RT) slowing and white matter (WM) microstructure reductions as potential explanatory factors for age-related increases in right frontal activation during task switching. Groups of younger (N = 32) and older (N = 33) participants completed a task switching paradigm while functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed, and rested while diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed. Two right frontal regions of interest (ROIs), the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and insula, were selected for further analyses from a common network of regions recruited by both age groups during task switching. Results demonstrated age-related activation increases in both ROIs. In addition, the older adult group showed longer RT and decreased fractional anisotropy in regions of the corpus callosum with direct connections to the fMRI ROIs. Subsequent mediation analyses indicated that age-related increases in right insula activation were mediated by RT slowing and age-related increases in right DLPFC activation were mediated by WM microstructure. Our results suggest that age-related RT slowing and WM microstructure declines contribute to age-related increases in right frontal activation during cognitive task performance.

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Correspondence of executive function related functional and anatomical alterations in aging brain

Cited by 55 publications

References 81 publications

Sex Matters: Hippocampal Volume Predicts Individual Differences in Associative Memory in Cognitively Normal Older Women but Not Men

Sex Matters: Hippocampal Volume Predicts Individual Differences in Associative Memory in Cognitively Normal Older Women but Not Men

Dissociating Normal Aging from Alzheimer’s Disease: A View from Cognitive Neuroscience

Age-related increases in right frontal activation during task switching are mediated by reaction time and white matter microstructure

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