Correlative Studies in Obese Children and Adolescents Concerning Body Composition and Plasma Insulin and Growth Hormone Levels

Parra, Adalberto; Schultz, Robert B.; Graystone, Joan E.; Cheek, Donald B.

doi:10.1203/00006450-197111000-00004

Cited by 37 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Los datos aquí presentados indican que en el niño habría un incremento del sobrepeso y obesidad en la mayoría de los países de América Latina y esto debe ser motivo de preocupación por la fuerte asociación con obesidad en el adulto, hipertensión, dislipedemias, enfermedades respiratorias y desórdenes psicosociales (Gutin et al, 1990;Parra et al, 1971). Las prevalencias observadas como promedio regional no son altas, siendo algo mayor de lo esperado.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Obesidad en el niño en América Latina: situación, criterios de diagnóstico y desafíos

Amigo

2003

Cad. Saúde Pública

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Obesity has emerged as an alarming public health problem, having increased rapidly in both adults and children. Considering 12 countries with reported levels of overweight and obesity, one third have a 20% prevalence of one or both conditions. In 17 countries reporting data on obesity, the mean rate was 4.6%; four countries reported rates over 6%, while three reported less than 2%. The majority of these countries showed increases of 70% in overweight and 60% in obesity during the last decade. Only two countries reported decreasing prevalence rates. Countries may be classified in four groups: (1) low or even downward prevalence of overweight and obesity; (2) underweight reported simultaneously with an increase in obesity; (3) a large territory and population with differences in the prevalence of overweight and obesity between regions and socioeconomic groups; and (4) little underweight and high prevalence of obesity. In conclusion, there is no doubt about the increasing trend in overweight and obesity among Latin American children. However, since there is no consensus as to diagnostic criteria for overweight and obesity, the real prevalence is not known.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Obesidad en el niño en América Latina: situación, criterios de diagnóstico y desafíos

Amigo

2003

Cad. Saúde Pública

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“…Growth hormone initially increases the number of fat cells in growth hormonedeficient children treated with exogenous hormone (3 1). However, all studies to date, conducted only on older children, have indicated low growth hormone levels in obese subjects (41). Unpublished studies from our laboratory indicate that growth hormone responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia may be increased in very young obese subjects.…”

Section: Time After Initial E X a M I N A T I O N I Months)mentioning

confidence: 97%

Weight Reduction in Young Obese Children. I. Effects on Adipose Tissue Cellularity and Metabolism

Ginsberg‐Fellner

Knittle

1981

Pediatr Res

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SummaryA 10-year longitudinal study was conducted on 26 prepubescent youngsters who had undergone successful weight reduction. Their ages ranged from 2 to 10 years when the study began. In all subjects, weight reduction proceeded only by a decrease in adipose cell size (from 0.62 + 0.02 to 0.46 k 0.02 pg lipid per cell) and resulted in a corresponding 33% decrease (from 177 + 6 to 144 + 5%) in percent ideal body weights. Cell numbers did not change appreciably during the period of weight loss (29.4 k 2.6 versus 28.7 k 2.3 x lo9 total adipocytes). Three years after the start of the study, 14 of 20 youngsters had maintained their reduced percent ideal body weights, including eight who remained below 130% ideal body weight. Ten years later, only four remained below 130% ideal body weight. All four children had total adipose cell numbers below 20 x lo9 total adipocytes at the start of the weight reduction program, a value below the lower limit for adult normal weight subjects. Thirteen other children have maintained or decreased their initial percent ideal weights. The remaining nine youngsters have further increased their percent ideal body weights. In vitro metabolic studies of the patient's adipocytes revealed a >50% changes in glucose tolerance, serum insulin concentrations, and numbers and/or affinity of the cell membrane insulin receptors (17,37,46). Adipocytes in obese adolescents also display diminished in vitro epinephrine responsivity pre-and immediately postweight reduction (28). Previous experiments in animals have shown that significant reductions in total adult adipose cell number can only be permanently achieved by altering early nutritional intake or by increasing early exercise patterns (26,30,39). Thus, it is important to assess if a similar situation in young children exists to determine critical periods for fat cell development. The present investigation was designed to measure adipose cell number, size, in vitro responsiveness of adipocytes to insulin and epinephrine, plus the percent ideal weight in young obese children pre-and postweight reduction to assess the relative importance of these parameters on the ability to permanently maintain the reduced state. MATERIALS AND METHODS SUBJECTSdepression of epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis pre-and immediately postweight reduction; this decrease persisted for the entire Twenty-six prepubescent children, 12 boys and 14 girls, ages 2 period of study, irrespective of the maintenance of a normal to 10 years at the start of the study, were investigated. They were perfent ideal body weight. At the same time, normal 150% in-originally referred to our Pediatric Nutrition Clinic because of creases in the in vitro production of 1 4~0~ from ,l-~~Clglucose in obvious and significant obesity which was documented before the presence of insulin occurred. their first birthday. All were tested and examined to exclude the concomitant presence of described endocrinopathies. They were then placed, as outpatients, on weight reduction diets calculated Speculation at approx...

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“…Mit einer diätetischen Gewichtsreduktion normalisieren sich die Ausscheidungen der 17-KS und 17-0HKS (93) und die vorher erhöhte Androgensynthese geht zurück (85,86). Mit dem Abfall der adrenalen Hormonsynthese normalisiert sich das Wachstum (27,108 (24,69,81). Nach oraler Glukosebelastung sind die maximalen Glukosewerte erhöht (19,24,69) und in ca.…”

Section: Adrenokortikotropes Hormon (Acl'h) Und Hormone Der Nebennierunclassified

Hormonelle Befunde bei adipösen Kindern Übersicht

Rosskamp¹

1987

Klin Padiatr

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Serum thyroid hormones in childhood obesity are not altered but caloric intake affects monoiodination of T4 to T3 and rT3. Plasma cortisol and urinary free cortisol concentrations are normal. Increase in cortisol production and secretion rate is reflected in increased values of urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids. Elevated urinary 17-ketosteroids are caused by increased androgen synthesis accounting for the increased height velocity in obese preadolescents and for the accelerated skeletal maturation. In both sexes earlier onset of puberty is noticed without remarkable alterations in gonadal steroids. Whether altered prolactin concentrations reflect neuroendocrine abnormalities remains unclear. Impairment of growth hormone release in face of normal or high somatomedins is not of clinical significance. Basal and stimulated insulin concentrations are high. Insulin resistance exists because glucose tolerance is simultaneously impaired. This is due to reduction in insulin receptor numbers and post-receptor defects in insulin action. Weight loss is effective in normalizing the above mentioned hormonal defects.

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Correlative Studies in Obese Children and Adolescents Concerning Body Composition and Plasma Insulin and Growth Hormone Levels

Cited by 37 publications

References 22 publications

Obesidad en el niño en América Latina: situación, criterios de diagnóstico y desafíos

Obesidad en el niño en América Latina: situación, criterios de diagnóstico y desafíos

Weight Reduction in Young Obese Children. I. Effects on Adipose Tissue Cellularity and Metabolism

Hormonelle Befunde bei adipösen Kindern Übersicht

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