Correlations of Maternal and Child Behaviors with the Development of Mental Abilities: Data from the Berkeley Growth Study

A theoretical overview and empirical study of mediated learning experience: Prediction of preschool performance from mother-infant interaction patterns

“…Data were not put to a test for predictability at a later age. Numerous predictors of cognitive development can be found in literature; among the most commonly used, for example, are maternal IQ, education, or other criteria of SES (Bayley & Schaefer, 1964;Ramey & Gowen, 1984), or even family interaction variables independent of SES (Sameroff, Seifer, Barocas, & Greenspan, 1987). However, what clearly could have added explanatory power to the trends suggested by these studies is a model, which helps identify some key interactional variables that are predictive of later cognitive performance and which should be considered in assessment or in planning early intervention programs.…”

Sex Differences in Human Development

“…On the basis of data obtained from 26 boys and 27 girls in the Berkeley Growth Study, Bayley and Schaefer [1964] concluded that, whereas the intellectual capacities of boys were susceptible to environ mental influences, those of girls were more genetically determined. This con clusion was based on the finding that the IQ of girls showed a higher cor relation with those of their parents than boys with their parents, as well as a correlation between early maternal behaviour and child's IQ for boys but not for girls.…”

“…Bayley [1966] subsequently reported other studies which had also demonstrated higher parent-daughter than parent-son correlations in intellectual capacities. M accoby [1966] regarded the Bayley and Schaefer [1964] conclusion circumspectly in the absence of other supportive evidence. From a follow-up study of 231 boys and 254 girls born in Hawaii, W erner [1969] concluded that her data did not support the Bayley-Schaefer hypo thesis, but indicated a sex difference in rate of maturation in favour of the girls as well as ' a greater responsiveness of the girls to achievement demands and educational stimulation in the home in middle childhood'.…”

“…It seems to me, however, that the emphases of both Bayley and Schaefer [1964], and W ern er [1969] are misplaced for the following reasons. First, the earlier maturation of the girls would determine that a polygenic ability as IQ will be fully manifested earlier in girls than in boys, thereby yielding a higher daughter-parent correlation at any age prior to adolescence.…”

Multiple Genotypes in Individuals of Claytonia virginica

“…There is clear evidence in United States samples of normal children that the boys' later I.Q. 's are related to a warm, close relationship to the mother or caretaker in the first years of life (2). There is equally clear evidence that the girls' verbal I.Q.…”