Correlations between tissue-level stresses and strains and cellular damage within the guinea pig spinal cord white matter

Galle, Beth; Ouyang, Hongwei; Shi, Riyi; Nauman, Eric A.

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2007.03.014

Cited by 33 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In this study, pressure, maximum principal stresses, and maximum principal strains showed a propensity for the highest values to occur in the central cord. This agrees well with a recent study showing maximum principal stress to correlate with injury in the white matter (Galle et al, 2007). The results of our study suggest that patterns of injury (and resulting deficits) will change with variations in material characteristics resulting from aging or disease.…”

Section: Figsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Our results suggest that studies modeling blood flow in the spinal cord require, as a minimum, accurate white matter properties. Conversely, strain measures in the white matter have been correlated with functional losses (Galbraith et al, 1993;Galle et al, 2007). For the type of compression loading between rigid platens that was simulated here, our results show that finite element models using strains as outcome measures are robust to variations in all material properties.…”

mentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Additionally, increasing the moduli of all materials resulted in lower peak strains in the white matter. Pediatric neurological tissues have been shown to be more stiff than adult tissues (Prange and Margulies, 2002), and white matter strains have been correlated with functional damage (Galbraith et al, 1993;Galle et al, 2007). This suggests that spinal cords in children, because they have stiffer neurological tissues than adults, may be less susceptible to injury than those of adults.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of White, Grey, and Pia Mater Properties on Tissue Level Stresses and Strains in the Compressed Spinal Cord

Sparrey

Manley²,

Keaveny³

2009

Journal of Neurotrauma

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Recent demographics demonstrate an increase in the number of elderly spinal cord injury patients, motivating the desire for a better understanding of age effects on injury susceptibility. Knowing that age and disease affect neurological tissue, there is a need to better understand the sensitivity of spinal cord injury mechanics to variations in tissue behavior. To address this issue, a plane-strain, geometrically nonlinear, finite element model of a section of a generic human thoracic spinal cord was constructed to model the response to dorsal compression. The material models and stiffness responses for the grey and white matter and pia mater were varied across a range of reported values to observe the sensitivity of model outcomes to the assigned properties. Outcome measures were evaluated for percent change in magnitude and alterations in spatial distribution. In general, principal stresses (114-244% change) and pressure (75-119% change) were the outcomes most sensitive to material variation. Strain outcome measures were less sensitive (7-27% change) than stresses (74-244% change) to variations in material tangent modulus. The pia mater characteristics had limited (<4% change) effects on outcomes. Using linear elastic models to represent non-linear behavior had variable effects on outcome measures, and resulted in highly concentrated areas of elevated stresses and strains. Pressure measurements in both the grey and white matter were particularly sensitive to white matter properties, suggesting that degenerative changes in white matter may influence perfusion in a compressed spinal cord. Our results suggest that the mechanics of spinal cord compression are likely to be affected by changes in tissue resulting from aging and disease, indicating a need to study the biomechanical aspects of spinal cord injury in these specific populations.

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Section: Figsupporting

confidence: 93%

mentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of White, Grey, and Pia Mater Properties on Tissue Level Stresses and Strains in the Compressed Spinal Cord

Sparrey

Manley²,

Keaveny³

2009

Journal of Neurotrauma

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“…Often small animals, like mice or rats, are exposed to the product for a longer periods of time (Wagner et al, 2006;Lee et al, 2007) or for shorter periods of time to assess acute effects (Dong et al, 2005;Kouadio et al, 2005). As in human trials (De Backer et al, 2007a) a trend is emerging in animal studies towards accurate computer models describing the animals' physiological behavior (Schroeter et al, 2006;Galle et al, 2007). Although never entirely replacing animal studies, this could, eventually, reduce the amount of animals needed for research.…”

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confidence: 99%

Study of the Variability in Upper and Lower Airway Morphology in Sprague–Dawley Rats Using Modern Micro‐CT Scan‐Based Segmentation Techniques

Backer

Vos

Burnell

et al. 2009

The Anatomical Record

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Animal models are being used extensively in pre-clinical and safety assessment studies to assess the effectiveness and safety of new chemical entities and delivery systems. Although never entirely replacing the need for animal testing, the use of computer simulations could eventually reduce the amount of animals needed for research purposes and refine the data acquired from the animal studies. Computational fluid dynamics is a powerful tool that makes it possible to simulate flow and particle behavior in animal or patient-specific respiratory models, for purposes of inhaled delivery. This tool requires an accurate representation of the respiratory system, respiration and dose delivery attributes. The aim of this study is to develop a representative airway model of the Sprague-Dawley rat using static and dynamic micro-CT scans. The entire respiratory tract was modeled, from the snout and nares down to the central airways at the point where no distinction could be made between intraluminal air and the surrounding tissue. For the selection of the representative model, variables such as upper airway movement, segmentation length, airway volume and size are taken into account. Dynamic scans of the nostril region were used to illustrate the characteristic morphology of this region in anaesthetized animals. It could be concluded from this study that it was possible to construct a highly detailed representative model of a Sprague-Dawley rat based on imaging modalities such as micro-CT scans.

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“…The resulting stress and deformation of the spinal cord is a major cause of neurological deficit and loss of motor and sensory function in patients with traumatic SCI [4]. The size of deformation, strain rate, size of axons and the local stress state in tissue have been proposed as the primary mechanism of damage to the spinal cord parenchyma cells during an injury [5]. Morbidities, such as degeneration, tumors, or cancers, can also cause the compression of the spinal tissue leading to its destruction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of Spinal Cords

2016

APH

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Correlations between tissue-level stresses and strains and cellular damage within the guinea pig spinal cord white matter

Cited by 33 publications

References 18 publications

Effects of White, Grey, and Pia Mater Properties on Tissue Level Stresses and Strains in the Compressed Spinal Cord

Effects of White, Grey, and Pia Mater Properties on Tissue Level Stresses and Strains in the Compressed Spinal Cord

Study of the Variability in Upper and Lower Airway Morphology in Sprague–Dawley Rats Using Modern Micro‐CT Scan‐Based Segmentation Techniques

An Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of Spinal Cords

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