“…Upfront surgery is hard to carry out on the primary lesion of neuroblastoma in the late stages due to its tendency to encase adjacent vascular structures. 1 , 2 As a component of the preoperative treatment plan, chemotherapy can effectively reduce both the size of the tumor and its overall burden. A previous study demonstrated a correlation between the image-defined risk factors and the response of neuroblastoma to preoperative chemotherapy.…”