Correlations between Epstein-Barr virus antibody levels and risk factors for                 multiple sclerosis in healthy individuals

Nielsen, Trine Rasmussen; Pedersen, Maria; Rostgaard, Klaus; Frisch, Mørten; Hjalgrim, Henrik

doi:10.1177/1352458506071470

Cited by 52 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Tobacco smoking modulates the immune system in several ways (48), and accordingly, an increased risk of EBVpositive HL associated with cigarette smoking is not biologically inconceivable. The literature on the effect of tobacco smoking on EBV infection is scarce, but it is noteworthy that we recently observed a correlation between tobacco smoking and elevated titers of anti-EBV viral capsid antigen immunoglobulin G antibodies (49), previously associated with an increased risk of HL (50).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette Smoking and Risk of Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Population-Based Case-Control Study

Hjalgrim

Ekström-Smedby²,

Rostgaard³

et al. 2007

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Studies have inconsistently reported an association between tobacco smoking and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) risk. The conflicting findings may reflect etiologic heterogeneity between HL subtypes, warranting further characterization of the relationship. Methods: We collected information on tobacco-smoking habits in 586 classic HL cases and 3,187 population controls in a Danish-Swedish case-control study. HL EBV status was established for 499 cases by standard techniques. Odds ratios (OR) for an association with cigarette smoking were calculated by logistic regression for HL overall and stratified by age, sex, major histology subtypes, and tumor EBV status, adjusting for known confounders. Results: Compared with never smokers, current cigarette smokers were at an increased overall HL risk (adjusted OR, 1.57; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.22-2.03). The association was strongest for EBV-positive HL (adjusted

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette Smoking and Risk of Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Population-Based Case-Control Study

Hjalgrim

Ekström-Smedby²,

Rostgaard³

et al. 2007

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As already emphasized in the preceding chapters, risk factors for MS are multiple and smoking may, therefore, interact with genetics and the main two other identified environmental risk factors. Smoking is associated with higher levels of EBNA1 [Nielsen et al 2007a] and enhances the association between high EBNA1 titres and increased MS risk [Simon et al 2010]. An interaction with HLA-DRB1*15 was also observed in smoker but not in nonsmoker patients with MS [Hedström et al 2011b].…”

Section: Genetic Risk Factors For Multiple Sclerosis Possibly Involvimentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of vitamin D insufficiency to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis

Pierrot‐Deseilligny

Souberbielle

2013

Ther Adv Neurol Disord

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:The contribution of vitamin D insufficiency to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is reviewed. Among the multiple recently discovered actions of vitamin D, an immunomodulatory role has been documented in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and in humans. This action in the peripheral immune system is currently the main known mechanism through which vitamin D might influence MS, but other types of actions could be involved within the central nervous system. Furthermore, vitamin D insufficiency is widespread in temperate countries and in patients with MS at the earliest stages of the disease, suggesting that the deleterious effects related to vitamin D insufficiency may be exerted in these patients. In fact, many genetic and environmental risk factors appear to interact and contribute to MS. In genetics, several human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles (more particularly HLA-DRB1*1501) could favour the disease whereas some others could be protective. Some of the genes involved in vitamin D metabolism (e.g. CYP27B1) also play a significant role. Furthermore, three environmental risk factors have been identified: past Epstein-Barr virus infection, vitamin D insufficiency and cigarette smoking. Interactions between genetic and environmental risk or protective factors may occur during the mother's pregnancy and could continue during childhood and adolescence and until the disease is triggered in adulthood, therefore possibly modulating the MS risk throughout the first decades of life. Furthermore, some clinical findings already strongly suggest that vitamin D status influences the relapse rate and radiological lesions in patients with MS, although the results of adequately powered randomized clinical trials using vitamin D supplementation have not yet been reported. While awaiting these incontrovertible results, which might be long in coming, patients with MS who are currently in vitamin D insufficiency should be supplemented, at least for their general health status, using moderate doses of the vitamin.

show abstract

“…26 Smoking can also be associated with other comorbidities and with other environmental risk factors for MS, such as increased anti-Epstein-Barr virus antibodies. 26,27 Our exclusion criteria consisted of conditions that may influence quantitative MRI analysis, including cerebrovascular disease and positive history of alcohol abuse. However, we did not obtain data on other comorbidities, such as obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension.…”

Section: Global and Central Atrophy Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking is associated with increased lesion volumes and brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Correlations between Epstein-Barr virus antibody levels and risk factors for multiple sclerosis in healthy individuals

Abstract: The association between Epstein-Barr VCA antibody levels and non-viral MS risk factors support the view that EBV is critically involved in the etiology of MS. These non-viral MS risk factors may be linked with MS risk through EBV-specific immune responses.

Cited by 52 publications

References 16 publications

Cigarette Smoking and Risk of Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Population-Based Case-Control Study

Cigarette Smoking and Risk of Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Population-Based Case-Control Study

Contribution of vitamin D insufficiency to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis

Smoking is associated with increased lesion volumes and brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About