Correlations between dental wear and oral cavity characteristics: Mandibular torus, palatine torus, and oral exostoses

Abstract

Objective This study evaluates the correlations amongst mandibular torus, palatine torus, oral exostoses to dental wear/loss and temporomandibular damage. Methods The sample consists of 504 skulls from the Hamann‐Todd Osteological Collection; 223 African American and 281 European Americans aged between 30 and 80 years. The sample was analyzed using Pearson's Chi‐square for significance of sex, age, ancestry, and wear as well as the interactions between the demographic variables and the presence of mandibular torus, palatine torus and oral exostoses. Results Wear was statistically significant by age and sex but not ancestry. The maxillary exostoses varied significantly by age, ancestry and wear but not sex. Mandibular torus frequencies varied significantly by wear, sex and ancestry. The palatine torus varied significantly across wear groups, sex and ancestry. Discussion The etiology of nonmetric oral cavity characteristics, mandibular torus, palatine torus and oral exostosis, is complex. The degree to which traits' presence and expression is the result of genetic and environmental interactions is not fully understood. More than age, sex or ancestry, the degree of dental wear and tooth loss influences the presence and expression of the oral cavity traits. The sample can be characterized as the presence of exostoses in higher frequencies in young African American males with little tooth loss. Males of both ancestral groups with heavy wear have higher frequencies of mandibular tori than females. The palatine torus is more common in edentulous European American females.

Estudo da prevalência do toro mandibular e palatino e sua associação com hábitos parafuncionais

“…Brazilian Journal of Development, Curitiba, v.9, n.12, p. 31314-31323, dec., 2023 A etiologia do toro não é bem esclarecida. A maioria dos estudos associam o toro com forças mastigatórias e hábitos parafuncionais (LEASE et al, 2021;CLIFFORD et al, 1996;YOSHINAKA et al, 2014). Outros trabalhos sugerem causas genéticas (YOSHINAKA et al, 2010) ou relacionando a cromossomos sexuais (ALVESALO et al, 1996).…”

“…Estudos sobre a prevalência do toro são escassos e controversos (IHUNWO, PHUKUBYE, 2006;JAINKITTIVONG et al, 2007;AUSTIN, RADFORD 1965;GONZALEZ CORTES et al, 2014). Autores sugerem uma variabilidade das frequências entre sexo, idade e raça (LEASE et al, 2021;AL QURAN E AL-DWAIRI 2006;GONZALEZ CORTES et al, 2014;SONNIER et al, 1999). O presente estudo tem sido proposto na tentativa de investigar mais sobre o toro mandibular e palatino, considerando importante avaliar a sua prevalência e sua relação com a hábitos parafuncionais, no intuito de contribuir com a sua elucidação etiológica.…”

Prevalência De Tórus Mandibular E Palatino Na População Negra Do Recôncavo Baiano

“…O Torús é um tipo de exostose em que há um crescimento hiperplásico ósseo benigno, lento, progressivo recoberto por uma mucosa delgada pobremente vascularizada (1) . Pode estar localizado no palato duro, na linha média da junção do processo palatino dos ossos maxilares e na mandíbula, localizado acima da linha milohiloide, abaixo do processo alveolar na superfície lingual, em região de pré-molares (2)(3) . Sua etiologia é multifatorial e tem sido foco de muitas pesquisas para total elucidação.…”

Prevalence of Oral Exostoses in Northern China During the Past Six Millennia—From a Sex and Age Perspective

“…They may be located on the midpalate suture of the maxilla and palatines, as a longitudinal ridge (torus palatinus, TP), or bilaterally in the maxillary molar regions along the buccal bony shelves (buccal exostosis, BE). They can also be located bilaterally along with the lingual cortical plate of the mandible (torus mandibularis, TM), above the mylohyoid line but below the alveolar process, extending from the canine/premolar region distally 2,3…”

“…They can also be located bilaterally along with the lingual cortical plate of the mandible (torus mandibularis, TM), above the mylohyoid line but below the alveolar process, extending from the canine/premolar region distally. 2,3 Scholars have made substantive investigations to determine whether the prevalence of oral exostoses is modified by age or sex; however, no consensus has been reached. Gorsky et al 4 suggest that TP is an autosomal dominant trait, as evidenced by segregation analysis, without a significant difference between sexes.…”