Correlations between COVID-19 and burden of dementia: An ecological study and review of literature

Azarpazhooh, Mahmoud Reza; Amiri, Amin; Morovatdar, Negar; Steinwender, Sandy; Ardanı, Amir Rezaeı; Yassi, Nawaf; Biller, José; Stranges, Saverio; Belasi, Masoud Tokazebani; Neya, Sepideh Kazemi; Khorram, Bita; Andalibi, Mohammad Sobhan Sheikh; Arsang‐Jang, Shahram; Mokhber, Naghmeh; Napoli, Mario Di

doi:10.1016/j.jns.2020.117013

Cited by 74 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Furthermore, consistent with previous observations 30 , our primary analysis identified white ethnicity (OR 0.72; 97.5% CI 0.66-0.77), cancer (OR 0.81; 97.5% CI 0.74-0.89) and decreasing age (OR 0.97; 97.5% CI 0.97-0.97) as significant predictors of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity, after adjusting for multiple confounding factors (Figure 2A). As recent studies highlighted links between the global burden of dementia and COVID-19 death 28 Figure 3A).…”

Section: Biobank Cohortmentioning

confidence: 95%

Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases predict different COVID-19 outcomes, a UK Biobank study

Travaglio

Popovic

et al. 2020

Preprint

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In December 2019, a coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) began infecting humans causing a novel disease, coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). This was first described in the Wuhan province of the People′s Republic of China. SARS-CoV-2 spread throughout the world causing a global pandemic. To date, thousands of cases of COVID-19 were reported in the United Kingdom, and over 45,000 patients have died. Some progress has been achieved in managing this disease, but the biological determinants of health, besides age, that affect COVID-19 infectivity and mortality are under scrutiny. Recent studies show that several medical conditions, including diabetes and hypertension, increase the risk of COVID-19 infection and death. The increased vulnerability of the elderly and those with comorbidities, together with the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases with advanced age, led us to investigate the links between neurodegeneration and COVID-19. We analysed the primary health records of 13,338 UK individuals tested for COVID-19 between March and July 2020. We show that a pre-existing diagnosis of Alzheimer′s disease predicts the highest risk of COVID-19 infection and mortality among the elderly. In contrast, Parkinson′s disease patients were found to be at increased risk of infection but not mortality from COVID-19. We conclude that there are disease-specific differences in COVID-19 susceptibility among patients affected by neurodegenerative disorders.

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Section: Biobank Cohortmentioning

confidence: 95%

Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases predict different COVID-19 outcomes, a UK Biobank study

Travaglio

Popovic

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…These brain regions are also implicated in neuro-degenerative disorders like dementia and a bi-directional relationship can thus be hypothesized. In an ecological study by Azarpazhooh et al (31), healthy life-expectancy and dementia disability adjusted life years (DALY) were significantly related to the COVID-19 caseloads and mortality. Studies have also shown significant impact of COVID-19 related lifestyle changes, social isolation, loneliness and quarantine measures on the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), especially sleep disturbances, anxiety, depression, agitation and wandering (32,33)…”

Section: Potential Worsening Of Dementia With Covid-19 Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caring for Persons Living With Dementia During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Advocacy Perspectives From India

D’cruz

Banerjee

2020

Front. Psychiatry

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The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has presented an unprecedented threat to global public and psychosocial health. Certain vulnerable populations, especially the older adults, are at disproportionate risks both to the physiological and social effects of the outbreak. A special section among them who face unique challenges during this pandemic, are those living with neurocognitive disorders, like dementia. Limited research in the field shows ApoE4 allele to confer an increased risk for COVID-19 severity, while the behavioral problems associated with dementia reduces compliance to precautionary measures, thereby exposing them to the virus and increasing caregiver strain. Reduced healthcare access, limited resources and fear of the infection act as major barriers to dementia care during such a crisis. Besides, there are the additional burden of stigma, abuse, ageism and financial impoverishment. Institutionalization, loneliness and lack of stimulation can potentially accelerate the cognitive decline and worsen the behavioral and psychological problems. India has been one of the worst hit countries by COVID-19 and shares a significant dementia load. As the country is aging fast along with the world, this commentary reviews the risks of people living with dementia during the pandemic and discusses certain advocacies for their care.

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“…In this paper, we demonstrated that increased platelet activation and platelet-monocyte aggregate formation are observed in diabetic subjects (Figure 3 E &H), and much more prominent in ARD (Figure 3 F & I) but not in controls (Figure 3 D &G).Recent clinical evidence has revealed T2DM and cardiovascular risk factors increases susceptibility to COVID-19 infection[66]. The elderly, and those with underlying medical conditions particularly obesity, diabetes, age related dementia are the preexisting diseases associated with the greatest risk and death in Covid-19 pandemic[26,27,67]. We therefore chose type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), age related dementia (ARD) and age matched young and old controls who are high risk for COVID-19 infection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Investigation of CD26, a potential SARS-CoV-2 receptor, as a biomarker of age and pathology

et al. 2020

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Objective: In some individuals, coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection leads to a variety of serious inflammatory symptoms, including blood clotting and acute respiratory distress. Death due to COVID-19 shows a steep rise in relation to age. Comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, and cardiovascular disease also increase susceptibility. It has been reported that T-cell regulatory dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4; cluster of differentiation 26 (CD26)) binds to the external spike (S) glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 as a receptor, for the viral entry into the host cell. CD26 is expressed on many cells, including T and natural killer (NK) cells of the immune system, as a membrane-anchored form. A soluble form (sCD26) is also found in the blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Approach and results: To investigate a possible relationship between sCD26 levels, age and pathology, serum samples were collected from control, T2DM and age-related dementia (ARD) subjects. A significant reduction in serum sCD26 levels was seen in relation to age. ARD and T2DM were also associated with lower levels of sCD26. The analysis of blood smears revealed different cellular morphologies: in controls, CD26 was expressed around the neutrophil membrane, whereas in T2DM, excessive sCD26 was found around the mononucleated cells (MNCs). ARD subjects had abnormal fragmented platelets and haemolysis due to low levels of sCD26. Conclusions: These findings may help to explain the heterogeneity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. High serum sCD26 levels could protect from viral infection by competively inhibiting the virus binding to cellular CD26, whereas low sCD26 levels could increase the risk of infection. If so measuring serum sCD26 level may help to identify individuals at high risk for the COVID-19 infection.

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Correlations between COVID-19 and burden of dementia: An ecological study and review of literature

Cited by 74 publications

References 43 publications

Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases predict different COVID-19 outcomes, a UK Biobank study

Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases predict different COVID-19 outcomes, a UK Biobank study

Caring for Persons Living With Dementia During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Advocacy Perspectives From India

Investigation of CD26, a potential SARS-CoV-2 receptor, as a biomarker of age and pathology

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