Correlations between concentrations of interleukin-12 and interleukin-13 and lymphocyte subsets in the follicular fluid of women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome

Testosterone Environment of Splenocytes Modifies the Steroidogenesis of Polycystic Ovary in Rats

“…It has been reported that testosterone stimulation of CD4 + lymphocytes from the spleen of female mice decreases IL-12 secretion [17] . Patients with PCOS have shown an inverse correlation between follicular fl uid androgen levels and concentrations of activated T cells or IL-12 [22,23] . Thus, testosterone is probably at least one of the factors responsible for the difference in cytokine secretion between splenocytes from non-PCO and PCO rats.…”

Oocyte environment: follicular fluid and cumulus cells are critical for oocyte health

“…Impaired oocyte quality in PCOS has also been linked with elevated follicular fluid levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (228) and interleukins (229). The degree to which inflammation and obesity contribute to impaired oocyte development in women with PCOS remains to be fully determined.…”

Macrophage secretions modulate the steroidogenesis of polycystic ovary in rats: Effect of testosterone on macrophage pro-inflammatory cytokines

“…In particular, macrophages (Mϕ) in the ovary are detected in fluctuating number and phenotype depending on the stages of the estrus and menstrual cycle (Wu et al, 2004(Wu et al, , 2007. Mϕ express functional sex hormone receptors and also secrete nitric oxide (NO) along with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukins (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 and many other cytokines and growth factors that regulate ovarian function (Adashi, 1990;Miller and Hunt, 1996;Gallinelli et al, 2003). There is evidence that NO decreases ovarian steroidogenesis by inhibiting the steroid acute regulatory protein, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3-βHSD) and the cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage gene expression (Rekawiecki et al, 2005).…”