Correlations between biomarkers of oxidative stress, glycemic control and insulin resistance in women with type 2 diabetes

Abstract

Background. The main characteristic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance. Enhanced oxidative stress owing to increased oxygen free radicals and/or reduced antioxidant defense has very important roles in T2DM development and also most of its complications. The aim of the current study was to evaluate correlations between biomarkers of oxidative stress, glycemic control and insulin resistance in women with T2DM. Materials and methods. Seventy nine women with T2DM were included in the current study and fasting blood samples were collected. Hemoglobin A 1c (HbA 1c); glucose; oxidative stress biomarkers including malodialdehyde, 8-isoprostane, catalase and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured. The adiponectin/leptin (A/L) ratio and the homeostasis model assessment of beta-cell function (HOMA-B) were calculated. The results were considered significant when the p-value was less than 0.05. Results. Serum levels of TAC showed a significant positive correlation with the A/L ratio (r = 0.261, p = 0.02). A significant negative correlation was observed between values of HbA 1c and TAC (r =-0.300, p = 0.007). However, HbA 1c correlated positively with 8-isoprostane (r = 0.236, p = 0.036). Values of HOMA-B correlated negatively with values of HbA 1c (r =-0.327, p = 0.003). Serum levels of 8-isoprostane were significantly higher in obese (BMI > 30 kg/m 2) women than in non-obese (BMI < 30 kg/m 2) women (p = 0.032). Values of catalase (p = 0.022) and HOMA-B (p = 0.009) were significantly lower in women with HbA 1c ≥ 7.6% compared with women with HbA 1c < 7.6%. Conclusions. In summary, chronic hyperglycemia results in oxidative stress. This situation might lead to less beta cells function. In addition, low levels of the A/L ratio were associated with increased oxidative stress.

Glutathione S-Transferase P1 Genetic Variant’s Influence on the HbA1c Level in Type Two Diabetic Patients

“…Picu et al [27] has shown a positive correlation between total oxidant status and HbA1c. Khosrowbeygi et al [28] observed significant negative correlation between values of HbA1c and total antioxidant capacity. This highlights that oxidative stress is a potential covariate in predicting patient response to antidiabetic treatment, and GSTP1 genotyping can be relevant for better identification of T2D patients who are likely to need specific pharmacological strategies focusing not only on lowering glucose [29], but also on oxidative stress.…”

The Impact of Curcumin, Resveratrol, and Cinnamon on Modulating Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Activity in Type 2 Diabetes: Moving beyond an Anti-Hyperglycaemic Evaluation

“…Studies show that individuals with T2DM experience increased oxidative stress due to elevated reactive oxygen species activity and/or decreased antioxidant defence mechanisms. Chronic high blood glucose levels induce oxidative stress, leading to impaired pancreatic β cell functioning, exacerbating insulin resistance, and promoting vascular complications [16].…”

Salivary Redox Biomarkers in Insulin Resistance: Preclinical Studies in an Animal Model

“…Therefore, oxidative stress is considered one of the most important pathological factors in the progression of metabolic diseases [6,9,10,15,16]. Therefore, it is not surprising that redox biomarkers have been postulated for the diagnosis of IR [17][18][19][20][21][22].…”