Correlations between adolescent processing speed and specific spindle frequencies

Nader, Rebecca S.; Smith, Carlyle

doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00030

Cited by 23 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…Our findings also highlight that the region-specific association between sigma power and processing speed is driven by sleep Stage N2 and largely disappears in N3. Similarly, Nader et al [ 34 ] found that slow spindle density was correlated with processing speed in Stage 2 and REM sleep, but not in slow wave sleep. They did, however, find that fast spindle density was only correlated with processing speed in slow wave sleep.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Published findings show maturational changes in sleep spindle frequency, sigma power and topography; however, the relationship with cognitive development is supported by only a handful of studies in older children and adolescents. For example, spindles and sigma power in children and adolescents have been linked to processing speed [ 34 ], full-scale and fluid intelligence [ 35 ] and overnight enhancement in motor task accuracy [ 16 ]. In adults, spindle and sigma power associations were reported for sleep-dependent performance improvement in various cognitive tasks, including motor memory consolidation, sequence learning and semantic memory consolidation [ 25 , 36 , 37 , 38 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Topography of Slow Sigma Power during Sleep is Associated with Processing Speed in Preschool Children

et al. 2015

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Cognitive development is influenced by maturational changes in processing speed, a construct reflecting the rapidity of executing cognitive operations. Although cognitive ability and processing speed are linked to spindles and sigma power in the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG), little is known about such associations in early childhood, a time of major neuronal refinement. We calculated EEG power for slow (10–13 Hz) and fast (13.25–17 Hz) sigma power from all-night high-density electroencephalography (EEG) in a cross-sectional sample of healthy preschool children (n = 10, 4.3 ± 1.0 years). Processing speed was assessed as simple reaction time. On average, reaction time was 1409 ± 251 ms; slow sigma power was 4.0 ± 1.5 μV2; and fast sigma power was 0.9 ± 0.2 μV2. Both slow and fast sigma power predominated over central areas. Only slow sigma power was correlated with processing speed in a large parietal electrode cluster (p < 0.05, r ranging from −0.6 to −0.8), such that greater power predicted faster reaction time. Our findings indicate regional correlates between sigma power and processing speed that are specific to early childhood and provide novel insights into the neurobiological features of the EEG that may underlie developing cognitive abilities.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topography of Slow Sigma Power during Sleep is Associated with Processing Speed in Preschool Children

et al. 2015

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“…Along with the traditional slow and fast spindles, these ‘superfast’ spindles (16–18.5 Hz) were observed to appear in all sleep stages in a sample of healthy adolescent males and females ( Nader and Smith, 2015 ). The superfast spindle was observed in all of our adolescent subjects, albeit with a lower occurrence than either the slow or fast spindles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Sleep spindles are a hallmark of stage 2 sleep, often used as the defining characteristic of stage 2 onset. They are commonly considered to have a frequency range of 11–16 Hz; this range is often further divided into two types of sleep spindles, with slow spindles having a frequency range of approximately 11–13.5 Hz and fast spindles having a frequency range of 13.5–16 Hz ( Zeitlhofer et al, 1997 ; DeGennaro and Ferrara, 2003 ; Fogel and Smith, 2011 ; Nader and Smith, 2015 ). We have previously identified what we believe to be a third spindle type in the frequency range of 16–18.5 Hz ( Nader and Smith, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep Changes in Adolescents Following Procedural Task Training

2016

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Recent research has suggested that some of the inter-individual variation in sleep spindle activity is due to innate learning ability. Sleep spindles have also been observed to vary following learning in both young and older adults. We examined the effect of procedural task acquisition on sleep stages and on sleep spindles in an adolescent sample. Participants were 32 adolescents (17 females) between the ages of 12 and 19 years. Spindle activity was examined in three different frequency ranges: 11.00–13.50 Hz (slow), 13.51–16.00 Hz (fast), and 16.01–18.50 Hz (superfast). No changes in spindle density were observed after successful learning of the pursuit rotor task. This result was in contrast to a number of studies reporting spindle density increases following successful learning. In the present study, participants who successfully learned the task showed no changes in their sleep stage proportions, but participants who were not successful showed a decrease in the proportion of stage 2 and increases in both SWS and REM sleep. We suggest that these changes in the sleep stages are consistent with the two stage model of sleep and memory proposed by Smith et al. (2004a).

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“…The hallmark of stage II NREM sleep, sleep spindles consist of waxing-and-waning 11-to 15-Hz thalamocortical oscillations, lasting 0.5-3 sec [14]. Spindle evolution was first summarized by Metcalf and Jordan [15], and Hagne [16]: Rudimentary spindles may be seen in the first weeks of life and become fully developed by 12 weeks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Utility of the Hypsarrhythmia Paroxysm Index and Sleep Spindles in EEG for Predicting Cognitive Outcomes in a Case Series of Infantile Spasms

Altunel¹,

Eo²,

Sever³

2015

J Neurol Neurophysiol

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Objectives: Among patients with West Syndrome (WS), the underlying brain dysfunction is considered to be the major determinant of cognitive outcome. However, regardless of whether the WS type is symptomatic or cryptogenic, patients with infantile spasms may have a favourable or grim prognosis. The purpose of this study was to utilize electroencephalography (EEG) to guide treatment, and to assess cognitive outcome. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and sleep EEG data in 16 patients who received adrenocorticotropic hormonal therapy between 2002 and 2014. The hypsarrhythmia paroxysm index (HPI), the frequency or duration of hypsarrhythmia paroxysms in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, and sleep spindles were evaluated in groups constituted according to etiology. Results: Cryptogenic patients whose onset of spasms began after 3 months of age and who experienced a shorter treatment delay had preserved spindles and favourable cognitive outcomes. Sleep spindles disappeared in cryptogenic patients with an early onset of spasms, long treatment delay, and high HPI at referral; their neurodevelopmental prognosis was unfavourable. In symptomatic cases in which the age of onset of spasms was earlier than 3 months and there had been a short treatment delay, sleep spindles never fully evolved, and the prognosis was poor. Patients with corpus callosum hypogenesis, a relatively mild malformation, had high HPI values at referral. While two of these patients did not display spindles during the follow-up, three had reappearing spindles as HPI values diminished, and the outcome was less severe in these patients. Conclusion: This study highlights the significance of EEG in studies of the prognosis of infantile spasms and demonstrates an objective approach that utilizes concurrent evaluation of sleep spindles and HPI.

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Correlations between adolescent processing speed and specific spindle frequencies

Cited by 23 publications

References 25 publications

Topography of Slow Sigma Power during Sleep is Associated with Processing Speed in Preschool Children

Topography of Slow Sigma Power during Sleep is Associated with Processing Speed in Preschool Children

Sleep Changes in Adolescents Following Procedural Task Training

The Utility of the Hypsarrhythmia Paroxysm Index and Sleep Spindles in EEG for Predicting Cognitive Outcomes in a Case Series of Infantile Spasms

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