Correlations Among Hormone Levels, Sperm Parameters and Paternity in Formerly Unilaterally Cryptorchid Men

LEE, PETER A.; Bellinger, Mark F.; Coughlin, Michael T.

doi:10.1097/00005392-199809020-00052

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In the formerly unilaterally cryptorchid segment of our cohort, we found that FSH levels were significantly higher and sperm counts significantly lower as compared to controls [16]. This same report also found that baseline LH and testosterone levels were not different between unilateral cryptorchids and controls, and this result is consistent with earlier reports of LH and testosterone levels being normal in both formerly bilaterally and unilaterally cryptorchid men [14, 15, 16]. …”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…These levels correlate highly with sperm density. In two earlier publications by our group, correlations between inhibin B, FSH, and sperm density were highly significant, and showed that damage to the seminiferous tubules caused by cryptorchidism is reflected in both the hormone levels and semen analyses [16, 20]. The potential for measurement of hormone levels in formerly cryptorchid men and their ability to predict risk of fertility is potentially useful, since it is notoriously difficult to get men to donate semen, while a simple blood draw is often possible to get as part of a clinic visit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fertility after Bilateral Cryptorchidism

2001

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Purpose: Evaluation of the fertility of a cohort of formerly bilaterally cryptorchid men in comparison with a group of formerly unilaterally cryptorchid men, and a group of control men. Materials and Methods: Using a detailed questionnaire concerning paternity and factors related to paternity, a cohort of formerly bilateral cryptorchid men were studied and compared with men who had undergone orchiopexy for unilateral cryptorchidism, and a group of control men. All study subjects had had surgery at the Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa., between 1955 and 1975. A subset of the full cohort underwent clinical evaluation that included a physical examination, serum hormonal determination and semen analyses. Results: Paternity rates are significantly lower among the formerly bilaterally cryptorchid men who have attempted to father a child (65.3%) as compared to the formerly unilaterally cryptorchid (89.7%; p < 0.001) and control men (93.2%; p < 0.001). Differences in the ability to father children are also apparent when semen and hormone levels are compared between the three groups. The bilateral group has significantly lower sperm density and inhibin B levels, and higher FSH and LH levels, than the unilateral and control groups. Conclusions: Men born with bilateral cryptorchidism have severely compromised fertility in adulthood. This reduction in fertility is clearly shown in comparisons of both paternity rates, and in semen and hormone analyses, between the formerly bilateral, formerly unilateral, and control groups.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fertility after Bilateral Cryptorchidism

2001

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“…Paternity for these men differed markedly from previously bilaterally cryptorchid men, among whom 38% were unable to father a child [2]. Also, initial analysis of hormonal levels and sperm parameters indicated higher follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels and lower sperm counts [3]. FSH levels and sperm counts were inversely correlated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fertility after Unilateral Cryptorchidism

2001

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Objective: To further evaluate whether fertility is decreased among a cohort of men with previous unilateral cryptorchidism as compared with a control group of men. Subjects and Methods: Formerly unilateral cryptorchid men who had undergone orchiopexy between the years of 1955 and 1975 at the Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh and a control group of men who were matched for age of an unrelated surgery at the same institution were evaluated by review of medical records and by completion of a questionnaire. 359 previously cryptorchid men were identified as having attempted paternity. Of these men, 320 had information concerning preoperative testicular location and 163 for preoperative testicular size. 106 of these men had levels of testosterone, inhibin B, FSH, and LH measured, while 95 of the men had semen analyses. Results: Among men who had attempted paternity, there was no statistical difference in success of paternity between the previously unilateral group (89.7%) and the control group (93.7%). There was no difference in the mean time to conception (7.1 ± 0.7 months for the unilateral group vs. 6.9 ± 2.3 for the control group). Within the unilateral group in regard to success at paternity, no difference was found compared with the age of orchiopexy, preoperative testicular location, or preoperative testicular size. Inhibin B levels were lower among the unilateral group. FSH, LH, testosterone, sperm density, motility and morphology were not different, but considerable variation was noted within the cryptorchid group. Conclusions: In this continued evaluation of a cohort of previously cryptorchid men who had undergone unilateral orchiopexy, paternity does not appear to be significantly compromised after unilateral cryptorchidism. Unilateral cryptorchidism appears to be one of several factors contributing to infertility, similar to those found in the general population. No correlation was found between success at paternity and the age of orchiopexy, preoperative testicular size or preoperative testicular location. Inhibin B levels were lower while FSH, LH, T and sperm parameters did not differ.

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“…Sex hormones in¯uence the development of prostate cancer, now the commonest cancer in men in some Western countries (Parkin et al 1992). Sex hormones also in¯uence a variety of other conditions in men, such as infertility (Kaiser et al 1988), low sperm count (Lee et al 1998;Liu et al 1999), and benign prostatic hyperplasia (Denis et al 1999). Diet-related changes in hormone metabolism may also be of interest to elite athletes, who may bene®t from maximising anabolic steroid production to enhance physical performance (Brotherhood, 1984;Miller & Wolfe, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of diet on circulating sex hormone levels in men

Allen¹,

Key²

2000

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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There is considerable epidemiological evidence that a Western-style diet may increase the risk of certain hormone-dependent conditions in men via its effects on hormone metabolism. Experimental evidence also suggests that dietary factors may exert subtle effects on hormone metabolism. Here we review the clinical and epidemiological evidence that diet is associated with circulating sex hormone levels in men. In comparison with factors such as age and BMI, nutrients do not appear to be strong determinants of sex hormone levels. Dietary intervention studies have not shown that a change in dietary fat and/or dietary ®bre intake is associated with changes in circulating sex hormone concentrations over the short term. The data on the effects of dietary phyto-oestrogens on sex hormone levels in men are too limited for conclusions to be drawn. Observational studies between men from different dietary groups have shown that a vegan diet is associated with small but signi®cant increases in sex-hormone-binding globulin and testosterone concentrations in comparison with meat-eaters. However, these studies have not demonstrated that variations in dietary composition have any long-term important effects on circulating bioavailable sex hormone levels in men. This lack of effect may be partly explained by the body's negative feedback mechanism, which balances out small changes in androgen metabolism in order to maintain a constant level of circulating bioavailable androgens. It appears, therefore, that future studies should look for dietary effects on the feedback mechanism itself, or on the metabolism of androgens within the target tissues.

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Correlations Among Hormone Levels, Sperm Parameters and Paternity in Formerly Unilaterally Cryptorchid Men

Cited by 15 publications

References 6 publications

Fertility after Bilateral Cryptorchidism

Fertility after Bilateral Cryptorchidism

Fertility after Unilateral Cryptorchidism

The effects of diet on circulating sex hormone levels in men

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