Correlations among anatomical, morphological, chemical and agronomic characteristics of leaf blades in Panicum maximum genotypes

Batistoti, Carla; Lempp, Beatriz; Jank, Liana; Morais, Marcio; Cubas, Antonio Carlos; Gomes, R.A.; Ferreira, Mauro

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.11.008

Cited by 32 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…AdET, adaxial epidermis thickness (µm); AbET, abaxial epidermis thickness (µm); MT, mesophyll thickness (µm); DX, xylem diameter (µm); DVB, distance between the vascular bundles (µm); NB, number of bundles; NBC, number of bulliform cells; AST, area of the sclerenchyma tissue (µm 2 ); ABC, area of bulliform cells (µm 2 ); DDM, digestibility; ADF, acid detergent fibre; NDF, neutral detergent fibre; LIG, lignin; CEL, cellulose; CP, crude protein. 132 FC Santos et al 2000;Paciullo et al 2001;Paciullo 2002;Batistoti et al 2011). The data presented here represent the absolute values of the anatomical measurements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Leaf anatomy and nutritive values ofBrachiaria ruziziensisgenotypes

Santos¹,

Freitas²,

Castro³

et al. 2014

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Relationships between leaf anatomy and nutritive values have been intensively studied in forage plants to optimize crop breeding efforts and to reduce the time and costs involved in genotype selections. We evaluated the associations between the leaf anatomical characteristics and nutritive values of 34 genotypes of Brachiaria ruziziensis during both the rainy (October to March) and dry seasons (April to September). Anatomical characteristics of the median sections of completely expanded leaves were analysed using traditional techniques. High positive correlations (P < 0.05) were observed between in vitro digestibility of the dry material, crude protein and cellulose during both the dry and rainy seasons. The correlations between in vitro digestibility and acid detergent fibre, neutral detergent fibre and lignin fibre were also high and negative in both seasons. There were no apparent correlations between digestibility and the anatomical characteristics of the leaves in either the dry or rainy seasons.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Leaf anatomy and nutritive values ofBrachiaria ruziziensisgenotypes

Santos¹,

Freitas²,

Castro³

et al. 2014

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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“…Bovine meat production in Brazil is performed exclusively on pasture, according to international market concerns regarding food security [3]. The primary grasses used as forage for cattle belong to species of Brachiaria or Panicum maximum [4]. Guinea grass is a forage grass that is native to Eastern and Southern Africa and is found in tropical and subtropical regions [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

De Novo Transcriptome Assembly for the Tropical Grass Panicum maximum Jacq

Toledo-Silva

Cardoso-Silva

Jank³

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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Guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) is a tropical African grass often used to feed beef cattle, which is an important economic activity in Brazil. Brazil is the leader in global meat exportation because of its exclusively pasture-raised bovine herds. Guinea grass also has potential uses in bioenergy production due to its elevated biomass generation through the C4 photosynthesis pathway. We generated approximately 13 Gb of data from Illumina sequencing of P. maximum leaves. Four different genotypes were sequenced, and the combined reads were assembled de novo into 38,192 unigenes and annotated; approximately 63% of the unigenes had homology to other proteins in the NCBI non-redundant protein database. Functional classification through COG (Clusters of Orthologous Groups), GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analyses showed that the unigenes from Guinea grass leaves are involved in a wide range of biological processes and metabolic pathways, including C4 photosynthesis and lignocellulose generation, which are important for cattle grazing and bioenergy production. The most abundant transcripts were involved in carbon fixation, photosynthesis, RNA translation and heavy metal cellular homeostasis. Finally, we identified a number of potential molecular markers, including 5,035 microsatellites (SSRs) and 346,456 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to characterize the complete leaf transcriptome of P. maximum using high-throughput sequencing. The biological information provided here will aid in gene expression studies and marker-assisted selection-based breeding research in tropical grasses.

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“…In the tropics, grasses are the most ecologically reliable and economically justifiable feed resources (Pedreira et al, 2011) because of their morphological characteristics which enable efficient water use, and rapid recovery after periods of drought (Batistoti et al, 2012). Therefore, improving tropical forages is essential for environmental protection and sustainable livestock feed and food futures for livestock and people (Baudron et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of cutting time on agronomic and nutritional characteristics of nine commercial cultivars of Brachiaria grass compared with Napier grass during establishment under semi-arid conditions in Rwanda

Mutimura¹,

Ebong²,

Rao³

et al. 2017

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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A study was conducted to identify the most productive cultivars and their cutting management to optimize nutrient productivity in semi-arid areas of Rwanda. Four cultivars of Brachiaria brizantha (Piatá, MG4, Marandú and Xaraes), two cultivars of Brachiaria humidicola (Llanero and Humidicola), two cultivars of Brachiaria hybrid (Mulato and Mulato II) and one cultivar of Brachiaria decumbens (Basilisk) were evaluated against Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) in an on-farm trial in a complete randomised block design with four replicates. Forage samples were collected at 60, 90 and 120 days after planting (DAP) and analysed for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF). The nutritional values were also estimated using in vitro gas production (IVGP) and its kinetic parameters, in vitro apparent degradable dry matter (ivADDM), digestible organic matter (DOM), metabolisable energy (ME), partitioning factor (PF) and degradable efficiency factor (DEF). For all cultivars and species, the DM, CP, OM, ivADDM and DOM increased from 60 to 90 DAP and declined thereafter. The NDF contents increased with increase in plant age. Grasses cut at 90 DAP had the highest gas production. The ME differed among grasses and DAP where Piatá had the highest. Furthermore, degradability parameters (A, B, C) and half time (T 1/2 ) differed among grasses and between cutting times. The PF and DEF were correlated with ME. The most promising cultivars were Basilisk, Marandú, Piatá and Mulato II because of their high in these nutritional characteristics.Key words: Chemical composition, metabolisable energy, degradability parameters, degradation efficiency factor. INTRODUCTIONIntensification of ruminant livestock production is gaining momentum in a number of sub-Saharan African countries due to increasing population pressure and decline in grazing areas (Thornton and Herrero, 2014). Even farmers with access to open grazing land experience frequent feed shortage due to climate change and variability (Chirat et al., 2014).Feeds and feeding, especially for dairy cows are a critical issue for smallholder farmers in Rwanda, mostly during the dry season (Klapwijk et al., 2014). In the tropics, grasses are the most ecologically reliable and economically justifiable feed resources (Pedreira et al., 2011) because of their morphological characteristics which enable efficient water use, and rapid recovery after periods of drought (Batistoti et al., 2012). Therefore, improving tropical forages is essential for environmental protection and sustainable livestock feed and food futures for livestock and people (Baudron et al., 2015). Brachiaria grasses are among the most important tropical grasses that originated from Africa and improved in Americas through agronomic selection and breeding (Miles et al., 2004). They have demonstrated to be highly productive, nutritive and socially acceptable in Asia and Africa for different livestock production systems (Vendramini et al., 2014). In tropical areas, the most sensitiv...

show abstract

Correlations among anatomical, morphological, chemical and agronomic characteristics of leaf blades in Panicum maximum genotypes

Cited by 32 publications

References 18 publications

Leaf anatomy and nutritive values ofBrachiaria ruziziensisgenotypes

Leaf anatomy and nutritive values ofBrachiaria ruziziensisgenotypes

De Novo Transcriptome Assembly for the Tropical Grass Panicum maximum Jacq

Effect of cutting time on agronomic and nutritional characteristics of nine commercial cultivars of Brachiaria grass compared with Napier grass during establishment under semi-arid conditions in Rwanda

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