Correlational analyses of explicit and implicit memory performance

Perruchet, Pierre; Baveux, Patrice

doi:10.3758/bf03199559

Cited by 97 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Moreover, participants' levels of explicit identification of the partner associated with specific items failed to show a significant relationship to their degree of partner-specific priming. Although one should be cautious in interpreting this null result, the lack of a strong relationship between explicit and implicit memory performance lends support to the claim that the observed priming effects were mediated primarily via implicit memory mechanisms (Perruchet & Baveux, 1989). Taken together, these findings show how ordinary memory mechanisms can influence the accessibility of information associated with particular interpersonal contexts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…If there is little or no evidence of a relationship between the degree of partner-specific priming and levels of successful partner identification, this would suggest that any differences in priming across partners are relatively independent of participants' capacity to explicitly recall the original partner contexts. This type of dissociation between implicit and explicit measures of memory for related material has been called stochastic independence (Perruchet & Baveux, 1989), and would lend support to the claim that partner-relevant information can become accessible on the basis of implicit memory processes.…”

Section: Demonstrating the Automatic Nature Of Partner-driven Memory mentioning

confidence: 96%

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The influence of partner-specific memory associations on language production: Evidence from picture naming

Horton

2007

Language and Cognitive Processes

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In typical interactions, speakers frequently produce utterances that appear to reflect beliefs about the common ground shared with particular addressees. Horton and Gerrig (2005a) proposed that one important basis for audience design is the manner in which conversational partners serve as cues for the automatic retrieval of associated information from memory. This paper reports the results of two experiments demonstrating the influence of partner-specific memory associations on language production. Following an initial task designed to establish associations between specific words (Experiment 1) or object categories (Experiment 2) and each of two partners, participants named a series of pictures in the context of the same two individuals. Naming latencies were shortest for responses associated with the current partner, and were not significantly correlated with explicit recall of partner-item associations. Such partner-driven memory retrieval may constrain the information accessible to speakers as they produce utterances for particular addressees.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Demonstrating the Automatic Nature Of Partner-driven Memory mentioning

confidence: 96%

The influence of partner-specific memory associations on language production: Evidence from picture naming

Horton

2007

Language and Cognitive Processes

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“…With this design, however, there is the possibility that requiring the subjects to make an explicit causality judgment biases them toward adopting the cognitive strategy of basing their performance on their current causal belief, a strategy that they may not spontaneously adopt when faced solely with the task of maximizing their points score. Perruchet and Baveux (1989) have criticized some earlier implicit learning research on much the same grounds. Consequently, we used a between-subjects design in which performance and judgments were assessed in separate groups.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Instrumental judgment and performance under variations in action-outcome contingency and contiguity

1991

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The intentional theory of instrumental performance proposes that performance of an action is determined in part by a belief about its causal effectiveness in producing a desired outcome. At variance with this notion, previous implicit learning experiments appear to have yielded dissociations between subjects' performance and beliefs. In two experiments, subjects were given an opportunity to perform an action-pressing a key on a computer keyboard-which was associated with an outcome on the computer screen according to a free-operant contingency. The subjects in one group were asked to judge the effectiveness of the action in causing the outcome, while those in a second group were asked to maximize their points score under a payoff schedule. In the first study, the effect of varying the contingency between the action and outcome was examined by keeping the probability of an outcome contiguous with an action constant and varying the probability of an outcome in the absence of an action. Performance and judgments showed a comparable sensitivity to variations ofthe instrumental contingency. In the second study, the delay between the action and the resultant outcome was varied. Increasing the action-outcome delay from 0 sec up to 4 sec produced a systematic decline in both causal judgments and performance relative to noncontingent, control conditions. These results are in accord with the intentional theory of performance, but they present difficulties for the notion of implicit learning.

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“…The present investigation employs a form of visual degradation whereby the stimulus is gradually clarified over a short period of time. Similar procedures have been used in previous studies (e.g., Johnston, Dark, & Jacoby, 1985;Perruchet & Baveux, 1989). Under such circumstances, the rate at which perceptual information becomes available is manipulated, and this rate, rather than the total information in the complete stimulus, has to be specified.…”

Section: > N·(t-p) J-(o+s)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects on priming of word frequency, number of repetitions, and delay depend on the magnitude of priming

Ostergaard

1998

Memory & Cognition

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Conflicting findings with respect to the effects of experimental manipulations on priming have been reported in previous studies. It is argued that, in many priming tasks, large amounts of task-relevant information are available from various sources, and that, therefore, the information available from a specific study episode will have only a small impact on overall performance level. Under such circumstances, high levels of baseline performance and small priming effects will be observed. The experiments reported here investigated the hypothesis that a high baseline performance in informationprocessing tasks that are used to measure priming may constrain priming effects. In a series of wordnaming experiments, perceptual difficulty and, therefore, baseline performance was manipulated. Under easy conditions, priming effects were relatively small and were not affected by word frequency, spaced repetition, or delay.Under more difficult conditions, priming effects were larger, and significant effects of all of the above-mentioned experimental manipulations were observed. Under conditions that produced the largest priming effects, a significantrelationship between printingand explicit-memory performance could be observed. Inthe last experiment, it was shown that the characteristics of the retrieval task can substantially affect the magnitude of priming. It is argued that priming effects should be considered to reflect interactions between memory traces and the information-processing components of the priming task.Experimental manipulations that significantly affect explicit-memory performance on tasks such as recall or recognition often have little or no significant effect on priming measures that are obtained in tasks such as tachistoscopic identification, lexical decision, and word-stem completion. These variables include massed repetition of studied items, divided versus focused attention, and levels ofprocessing ofthe study items

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Correlational analyses of explicit and implicit memory performance

Cited by 97 publications

References 50 publications

The influence of partner-specific memory associations on language production: Evidence from picture naming

The influence of partner-specific memory associations on language production: Evidence from picture naming

Instrumental judgment and performance under variations in action-outcome contingency and contiguity

The effects on priming of word frequency, number of repetitions, and delay depend on the magnitude of priming

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