Correlation of Yield Strength and Tensile Strength with Hardness for Steels

Pavlina, Erik J.; Tyne, C. J. Van

doi:10.1007/s11665-008-9225-5

Cited by 693 publications

(248 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The two stress variables σ y and σ u are widely known to be highly positively correlated in steels [20,23,54,56,57] and data on them is widely available. It is desirable to regress h and n on σ u to generate a useful predictor relationship between these rarely measured variables (h and n) and a widely measured one (σ u ).…”

Section: Additional Regression Analyses On S235jr Grade Steelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical analysis of the material properties of selected structural carbon steels

et al. 2015

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Modern design procedures for steel structures increasingly employ more realistic representations of the stress-strain behaviour of steel rather than a simple ideal elasticplastic. In particular, for buckling failure modes in the plastic range, stresses in excess of the yield stress are always involved, together with a finite post-yield stiffness.Moreover, the 'plastic plateau' in buckling curves for stocky structural members cannot be predicted computationally without a significant strain hardening representation. If a good match is to be sought between experiments and computational predictions in the elastic-plastic zone, strain hardening must be included. Most studies have either used individual laboratory measured stress-strain curves or educated guesswork to achieve such a match, but it is not at all clear that such calculations can reliably be used for safe design since the same hardening properties may not exist in the next constructed structure, or even within a different batch of the same steel grade.A statistical exploration is presented here to assess the reliable magnitudes of postyield properties in common structural grade steels. For simplicity, only two critically important parameters are sought: the length of the yield plateau and the initial strain hardening tangent modulus. These two are selected because they both affect the elastic-plastic buckling of stockier structural elements. The statistical analyses exploit proprietary data acquired over many years of third-party auditing at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology to explore possible regressed relationships between the postyield properties. Safe lower bounds for the selected properties are determined.

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Section: Additional Regression Analyses On S235jr Grade Steelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical analysis of the material properties of selected structural carbon steels

et al. 2015

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“…Other studies have shown that a narrow area with high hardness does not generally lead to toughness problems (see [22]). However, high hardness in the FZ causes a high mismatch ratio between base metal and FZ [28]. As our findings show, this overmatching is essential for FPD; for as welded specimens FPD was often observed, whereas in PWHT conditions, nearly no FPD occurred.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Toughness evaluation of EB welds

Wiednig

Enzinger

2017

Weld World

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For over a hundred years, Charpy impact testing has been performed. It is one of the most frequently used material tests. Due to a very simple test setup, a huge wealth of experience and an enormous database of results, it is still state of the art to evaluate toughness of materials and welds. Modern welding technologies like laser welding or electron beam welding (EBW) are characterized by a low heat input. The high energy density of these technologies results in very narrow welds. These kind of joints are difficult to analyse by means of a standard Charpy test. The combination of weld cross section and properties lead in most cases to a fracture path deviation (FPD). Although the crack starts from a notch, it deviates during propagation into the heat-affected zone or even in the base material. Therefore, the weld itself is not tested and cannot be characterized. FPD is a wellknown issue but so far little attention in standards has been paid to this complex topic. Hence, establishing a valid welding procedure specification for beam welding procedures may imply difficulties. This work focuses on avoiding FPD in electron beam welds in soft-matensitic steel (1.4313) by using standard and side notched Charpy impact specimens. Valid toughness result had to be found for 20-and 100-mm-thick welds at −20 • C. Several test with three different kind of specimen in two different heat-treated conditions were carried out. It was found that beside the narrow seam a major reason for FPD is the significant overmatching of the weld. A post weld heat treatment to reduce overmatching facilitates testing but can decrease toughness. Adequate results for qualification were found and EB welds reached sufficient toughness at −20 • C. Toughness of EB welds was compared to the toughness of conventional gas metal arc welds (GMAW). Finally, a recommendation for adapting the toughness characterization for narrow and overmatching seams is proposed.

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“…The HB values are then converted to σu by using Equation 3 as follows (Gaško, 2011;E.J. Pavlina, 2008), Other components such as shafts, bolts, and keys are excluded from the Figure. It can be seen that regardless of the meshing element size, the model exhibited a relatively lowstress value of between 0 and 150 MPa in most parts of its body.…”

Section: Hb Was Calculated By Equation 2 Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

Failure Investigation of Plastic Shredding Machine’s Flange Coupling Based on Mechanical Analysis

Nurprasetio

Budiman²,

Triawan

2017

IJOST

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This paper presented the investigation of failure mechanism of plastic shredding machine's flange coupling which is made of cast steel. The machine unexpectedly stalled a few minutes after High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) plastic bottles were fed into the machine. It was discovered afterward that the flange broke with the large crack surface. Finite element analysis (FEA) was performed to find the position and value of the critical stresses in the flange during operating condition. Subsequently, hardness test was conducted on the flange body to determine the Brinell hardness which was then converted into the approximate ultimate tensile strength (σu). As a result, a maximum Von Mises stress of 287 MPa was confirmed from the FEA to be concentrated in the flange's keyway. Although this was found to be lower than the approximate σu obtained from hardness testing i.e. 449 MPa, the critical stress indicated an unstable condition which may induce a crack initiation any time when vibration or dynamic load occurs. Based on these analyses, it was concluded that the failure had been initiated by dynamic rather than static loading generated during machine stall condition. The dynamic load caused crack initiation at a stress concentration point of the keyway. The crack then propagated rapidly, breaking the flange body.

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Correlation of Yield Strength and Tensile Strength with Hardness for Steels

Cited by 693 publications

References 8 publications

Statistical analysis of the material properties of selected structural carbon steels

Statistical analysis of the material properties of selected structural carbon steels

Toughness evaluation of EB welds

Failure Investigation of Plastic Shredding Machine’s Flange Coupling Based on Mechanical Analysis

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