Correlation of Tissue Doppler and Two-Dimensional Speckle Myocardial Velocities and Comparison of Derived Ratios with Invasively Measured Left Ventricular Filling Pressures

Cardiac remodeling in preterm infants with prolonged exposure to a patent ductus arteriosus

“…Diastolic function was assessed by measuring the rate of volume changes over the mitral valve, basal myocardial velocities during diastole (V L early diastole and V L atrial contraction), and a speckle tracking derived E/e' ratio as an estimate of LV filling pressure. 15,16 The interaction between the LV and the arterial system was explored by assessing blood pressure and ventriculo-arterial coupling (VAC), a simplified estimate of cardiovascular efficiency. 17,18 VAC is defined as the ratio of the arterial elastance (Ea, derived from end systolic pressure divided by stroke volume) to ventricular elastance (Ees, derived from end systolic pressure divided by end systolic volume).…”

New, Simple Echocardiographic Indexes for the Estimation of Filling Pressure in Patients with Cardiac Disease and Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction

“…Prior studies have shown that E/Ea is a reliable estimate of LV filling pressure, but most of these studies included large proportions of patients with depressed LVEF (<50%) and further demonstrated that E/Ea was more accurate for LV filling pressure estimation in patients with depressed, rather than preserved LVEF 8–16,21 . One recent study showed that E/Ea > 8 was a reasonably accurate predictor of LVEDP > 12 mmHg in 43 patients with preserved LVEF 15 .…”

“…Pulsed Doppler was used to record transmitral inflow in the apical four‐chamber view 20 . Tissue Doppler velocities were then acquired at the septal and lateral annular sites and averaged as previously described 11,12,21 …”

“…PAP was estimated by adding the peak tricuspid regurgitation velocity, converted to peak pressure by the modified Bernoulli equation, to an estimate of right atrial pressure (RAP); 22 RAP was estimated at 5 mmHg if the inferior vena cava (IVC) was <2 cm and had ≥50% inspiratory collapse; 10 mmHg if the IVC was ≥2 cm and had ≥50% collapse; and 15 mmHg if the IVC was ≥2 cm and had <50% inspiratory collapse. The early diastolic (Ea) velocity by tissue Doppler at the septal and lateral annular sites was measured and E/Ea ratio was computed using the average of the septal and lateral Ea as previously described 11,12,21 . Three cardiac cycles were measured and averaged for all Doppler measurements.…”

Evaluation of left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis severity from myocardial end‐diastolic wall stress estimated by tissue‐Doppler imaging

“…LVEDP 50:441 1:363 lateralE=Ea ð Þ ½ It has been shown that the correlation coefficient between LVEDP and lateral E/Ea is higher and its limits of agreement are smaller than those of other mitral segments. 7,8,13,17 Therefore, we used only lateral E/Ea ratio for the estimation of LVEDP and quantification of myocardial wall stress.…”