Correlation of the adipocyte-derived protein adiponectin with insulin resistance index and serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, independent of body mass index, in the Japanese population

Abstract

Adiponectin, which is secreted specifically by adipose tissue, has been shown to act as an anti-atherosclerotic protein by direct effects on endothelial cells. Clinical studies have shown that adiponectin levels are lower in individuals with obesity, diabetes and coronary artery disease. The present study investigated relationships between serum adiponectin levels and body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, insulin resistance index, lipid profile, uric acid and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in a large number of Japanese subjects not taking any medication for metabolic disease and without severe illness (705 men and 262 women; age 30-65 years; BMI 22.5+/-2.9 kg/m(2)). The serum adiponectin concentration was measured by ELISA, without a protein-denaturing step. The insulin resistance index was assessed by homoeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). The serum concentration of adiponectin in women (13.5+/-7.9 microg/ml) was significantly higher than that in men (7.2+/-4.6 microg/ml). The serum adiponectin level was negatively correlated with BMI, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and uric acid, and positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol. The correlations between serum adiponectin level and insulin, HOMA-IR, triacylglycerols, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and uric acid were significant even after adjustment for age, sex and BMI. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that HDL-cholesterol, sex, BMI and HOMA-IR were independently correlated with the serum adiponectin level (R(2)=0.377). These findings suggest that the serum adiponectin level is negatively correlated with HOMA-IR and positively correlated with HDL-cholesterol, independent of age, sex and BMI, in the Japanese population.

Relationships among acylation stimulating protein, adiponectin and complement C3 in lean vs obese type 2 diabetes

“…On the other hand, there were strong consistent associations between adiponectin and plasma lipids, particularly plasma triglycerides (negative), HDL-C, Apo A1 and NEFA (positive). This strong association of adiponectin with HDL metabolism has been previously noted [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] and in fact in a study with 4500 subjects, it was proposed as a useful marker/risk factor in cardiovascular disease assessment. 40 While the physiological nature of this correlation has not been determined, this may be tied to the proposed functions of adiponectin at the vascular wall which include modulation of endothelial function, inhibition of vascular smooth muscle proliferation, suppression of macrophage transformation and modulation of inflammation (for a review, see Ukkola and Santaniem 22 ).…”

The diverse associations of uric acid with low-grade inflammation, adiponectin and arterial stiffness in never-treated hypertensives

“…22,23 This independent association was also observed among healthy subjects. 24 Chronic exposure to mild hyperuricemia may be a factor that contributes to microinflammation and hypoadiponectinemia in these individuals; however, an opposite explanation is under consideration.…”

Associations of adiponectin with metabolic and vascular risk parameters in the British Regional Heart Study reveal stronger links to insulin resistance-related than to coronory heart disease risk-related parameters

“…22,25,28,29,43 The associations between adiponectin and insulin sensitivity has been well established in animal and human models. 2,24 The strongest associations, however, were seen between adiponectin and triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol (components of the insulin resistance syndrome) and these relationships were independent of adiposity and insulin resistance as has been reported in other studies.…”

“…2,24 The strongest associations, however, were seen between adiponectin and triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol (components of the insulin resistance syndrome) and these relationships were independent of adiposity and insulin resistance as has been reported in other studies. [26][27][28]43 The mechanisms by which adiponectin may affect blood lipids are substantially unknown. There is some evidence that such effects may be mediated via reduced hepatic lipase activity, an enzyme which contributes to a lowering of HDL-C concentrations 26 low adiponectin is associated with increased hepatic lipase activity in vivo independent of insulin resistance.…”

“…2,24 In population-based studies, adiponectin is inversely associated with body mass index (BMI), insulin resistance, triglycerides, and positively associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, components of the metabolic syndrome. [25][26][27][28][29] Although adiponectin has been associated with markers of inflammation in particular, C-reactive protein (CRP) 30,31 associations with other proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) however have been less consistent 31 and based on small selected populations. Moreover, whether the potential anti-inflammatory properties of adiponectin are mediated by its effect on insulin resistance remains unknown.…”