Correlation of technical surgical goals to the GDI and investigation of post-operative GDI change in children with cerebral palsy

Bickley, Christina; Linton, Judi; Scarborough, Nancy; Sullivan, Elroy; Mitchell, Katy; Barnes, Douglas

doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.04.015

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…GMFCS I–III, or I and II, or II and III); (3) and were published as full text in a peer‐reviewed journal in English. Articles relating to responsiveness were limited to those that measured the responsiveness to active exercise interventions since responsiveness to surgical, medical, and passive interventions has been reported elsewhere 20‐23 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Articles relating to responsiveness were limited to those that measured the responsiveness to active exercise interventions since responsiveness to surgical, medical, and passive interventions has been reported elsewhere. [20][21][22][23] Articles were excluded if they: (1) did not include ambulant children (i.e. they only included children in GMFCS levels III, IV, and/or V); (2) did not separate analysis of ambulant from non-ambulant children; (3) did not include physical assessments (i.e.…”

Section: Inclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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High‐level motor skills assessment for ambulant children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review and decision tree

Clutterbuck

Auld²,

Johnston

2020

Develop Med Child Neuro

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Aim To examine the psychometric evidence for high‐level motor skills assessment tools for ambulant, school‐aged children with cerebral palsy (CP). Method We searched five databases for population (children with CP aged 5–18y in Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I and II), assessment focus (high‐level motor skills), and psychometric evidence. We evaluated evidence strength using the number of studies, quality, and conduct according to COnsensus‐based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement INstruments checklists. Results Eleven assessments (39 studies) met the criteria. Seven high‐level motor skills assessment items (Muscle Power Sprint Test, 10m Shuttle Run Test, 10×5m Sprint Test, vertical jump, standing broad jump, seated throw, and Timed Up and Down Stairs) had strong validity and responsiveness evidence. Jumping items and seated throw lacked reliability data. Four high‐level motor skills assessment batteries (Functional Strength Measure in CP, Gross Motor Function Measure‐Challenge, Peabody Developmental Motor Scale, and Test of Gross Motor Development, Second Edition) had moderate‐to‐strong validity and/or reliability evidence. Responsiveness data were only available for the Gross Motor Function Measure‐Challenge battery. The decision tree was developed with five levels: clinical feasibility, relevance, tool design, clinical utility, and psychometric properties. Interpretation High‐level motor skills assessment tools have strong psychometric evidence for ambulant, school‐aged children with CP. The decision tree can assist clinicians and researchers in identifying appropriate tools to measure high‐level motor skills. What this paper adds An evidence‐based decision tree guides the selection of appropriate high‐level motor skills assessment tools. Seven high‐level motor skills assessment items have strong psychometric evidence and clinical utility for ambulant children with cerebral palsy. Four high‐level motor skills assessment batteries with recreation and mobility items have emerging psychometric evidence in this population.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Inclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐level motor skills assessment for ambulant children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review and decision tree

Clutterbuck

Auld²,

Johnston

2020

Develop Med Child Neuro

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“…GDI and GVI indexes were developed to present how far an individual’s gait differs from a normal gait pattern [ 7 , 9 ]. The GDI has been used to assess the gait of children with CP [ 5 , 10 , 16 , 19 , 20 ]. However, we did not find any scientific researches concerning using GVI in this group of patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In their study, they observed that using both GDI and TAGs system can improve postoperative assessment in patients with CP at different level of Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) (I–III). They did not observe any significant differences concerning changes of the GDI results after surgical treatment between different levels (I–III) of GMFCS [ 19 ]. Reis et al showed, that wearing of AFO significantly improves step length, gait speed, and GDI in children with diplegic CP, but only changes in step length was clinically important [ 16 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Utility of Gait Deviation Index (GDI) and Gait Variability Index (GVI) in Detecting Gait Changes in Spastic Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy Children Using Ankle–Foot Orthoses (AFO)

et al. 2020

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Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) children present complex and heterogeneous motor disorders that cause gait deviations. Clinical gait analysis (CGA) is used to identify, understand and support the management of gait deviations in CP. Children with CP often use ankle–foot orthosis (AFO) to facilitate and optimize their walking ability. The aim of this study was to assess whether the gait deviation index (GDI) and the gait variability index (GVI) results can reflect the changes of spatio-temporal and kinematic gait parameters in spastic hemiplegic CP children wearing AFO. Method: The study group consisted of 37 CP children with hemiparesis. All had undergone a comprehensive, instrumented gait analysis while walking, both barefoot and with their AFO, during the same CGA session. Kinematic and spatio-temporal data were collected and GVI and GDI gait indexes were calculated. Results: Significant differences were found between the barefoot condition and the AFO conditions for selected spatio-temporal and kinematic gait parameters. Changes in GVI and GDI were also statistically significant. Conclusions: The use of AFO in hemiplegic CP children caused a statistically significant improvement in spatio-temporal and kinematic gait parameters. It was found that these changes were also reflected by GVI and GDI. These findings might suggest that gait indices, such as GDI and GVI, as clinical outcome measures, may reflect the effects of specific therapeutic interventions in CP children.

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“…The GDI and the GPS were developed for gait assessment of patients in general and not exclusively for CP patients [19,21,23,31,32]. Furthermore, the GGI and the GDI were suggested as an adequate parameter for follow-up evaluation of gait and correction procedures [33][34][35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gait Indices for Characterization of Patients with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy

Tsitlakidis

Schwarze

Westhauser

et al. 2020

JCM

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As cerebral palsy (CP) is a complex disorder, classification of gait pathologies is difficult. It is assumed that unclassified patients show less functional impairment and less gait deviation. The aim of this study was to assess the different subgroups and the unclassified patients with unilateral CP using different gait indices. The Gillette Gait Index (GGI), Gait Deviation Index (GDI), Gait Profile Score (GPS) and spatiotemporal parameters derived from instrumented 3D-Gait Analysis (IGA) were assessed. Subgroups were defined using morphological and functional classification systems. Regarding the different gait indices, a ranking of the different gait patterns is evident. Significant differences were found between GMFCS level I and II, Winters et al. (Winters, Gage, Hicks; WGH) type IV and type I and the WGH-unclassified. Concerning the spatiotemporal parameters significant differences were found between GMFCS level I and II concerning velocity. The unclassified patients showed mean values for the different gait indices that were comparable to those of established subgroups. Established gait patterns cause different degrees of gait deviation and functional impairment. The unclassified patients do not differ from established gait patterns but from the unimpaired gait. Further evaluation using 3D-IGA is necessary to identify the underlying gait pathologies of the unclassified patients.

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Correlation of technical surgical goals to the GDI and investigation of post-operative GDI change in children with cerebral palsy

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

High‐level motor skills assessment for ambulant children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review and decision tree

High‐level motor skills assessment for ambulant children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review and decision tree

The Utility of Gait Deviation Index (GDI) and Gait Variability Index (GVI) in Detecting Gait Changes in Spastic Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy Children Using Ankle–Foot Orthoses (AFO)

Gait Indices for Characterization of Patients with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy

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