Correlation of subjective pain experience with cerebral evoked responses to noxious thermal stimulations

Carmon, Amiram; Dotan, Yaniv; Sarne, Yosef

doi:10.1007/bf00235566

Cited by 163 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…4). This indicates that the N2 and P2 waves reflect cortical processes related, directly or indirectly, to the conscious detection of nociceptive input, and agrees with the early findings by Carmon et al (1978), showing that the magnitude of the laser-evoked N2 and P2 waves correlates better with the intensity of perception than with the intensity of the nociceptive stimulus per se. It should be noted that unperceived stimuli were still able to elicit N2 and P2 waves, albeit of much reduced magnitude (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Characterizing the Cortical Activity through Which Pain Emerges from Nociception

Lee¹,

Mouraux²,

Iannetti³

2009

Journal of Neuroscience

137

115

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Nociception begins when A␦-and C-nociceptors are activated. However, the processing of nociceptive input by the cortex is required before pain can be consciously experienced from nociception. To characterize the cortical activity related to the emergence of this experience, we recorded, in humans, laser-evoked potentials elicited by physically identical nociceptive stimuli that were either perceived or unperceived. Infrared laser pulses, which selectively activate skin nociceptors, were delivered to the hand dorsum either as a pair of rapidly succeeding and spatially displaced stimuli (two-thirds of trials) or as a single stimulus (one-third of trials). After each trial, subjects reported whether one or two distinct painful pinprick sensations, associated with A␦-nociceptor activation, had been perceived. The psychophysical feedback after each pair of stimuli was used to adjust the interstimulus interval (ISI) of the subsequent pair: when a single percept was reported, ISI was increased by 40 ms; when two distinct percepts were reported, ISI was decreased by 40 ms. This adaptive algorithm ensured that the probability of perceiving the second stimulus of the pair tended toward 0.5. We found that the magnitude of the early-latency N1 wave was similar between perceived and unperceived stimuli, whereas the magnitudes of the later N2 and P2 waves were reduced when stimuli were unperceived. These findings suggest that the N1 wave represents an early stage of sensory processing related to the ascending nociceptive input, whereas the N2 and P2 waves represent a later stage of processing related, directly or indirectly, to the perceptual outcome of this nociceptive input.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Characterizing the Cortical Activity through Which Pain Emerges from Nociception

Lee¹,

Mouraux²,

Iannetti³

2009

Journal of Neuroscience

137

115

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“…This was indicated by the decrease of CSSERP amplitude P2 [16,27,36]. It has previously been demonstrated that event-related potentials represent an objective tool for assessment of pain and analgesic effects [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. Thus, our data indicate the presence of analgesic effects of both flurbiprofen enantiomers.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Using a variety of stimulation techniques, ERPs have been shown to correlate well with the ratings of pain intensity [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Furthermore, event-related potentials have been used to assess the analgesic effects of numerous drugs [15,[21][22][23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of flurbiprofen enantiomers on pain‐related chemo‐somatosensory evoked potentials in human subjects.

Lötsch

Geißlinger

Mohammadian

et al. 1995

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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1 The aim of the study was to investigate the analgesic effects of flurbiprofen enantiomers using an experimental pain model based on both chemo-somatosensory event-related potentials (CSSERP) and subjective pain ratings. 2 Healthy female volunteers (n = 16, age 23-36 years) participated in a placebocontrolled, randomised, double-blind, four-way crossover study. Single doses of (S)-flurbiprofen (50 mg), (R)-flurbiprofen (50 and 100 mg) and placebo were administered orally. Measurements were taken before and 2 h after administration of the medications. During each measurement, 32 painful stimuli of gaseous carbon dioxide (200 ms duration, interval approximately 30 s) of two concentrations (60 and 65% CO2 v/v) were applied to the right nostril. EEG was recorded from five positions and CSSERP were obtained in response to the painful C02-stimuli. Additionally, subjects rated the perceived intensity of the painful stimuli by means of a visual analogue scale (VAS). 3 The CSSERP-amplitude P2, a measure of analgesic effect, decreased after administration of both (R)-and (S)-flurbiprofen, while it increased after placebo. This was statistically significant at recording positions C4 (P < 0.01) and Fz (P < 0.05).The analgesia-related decreases in evoked potential produced by (R)-flurbiprofen were dose-dependent. Comparing similar doses of (R)-and (S)-flurbiprofen, the decrease in CSSERP-amplitudes produced by the (S)-enantiomer was somewhat more pronounced, indicating a higher analgesic potency. 4 The present data indicate that both enantiomers of flurbiprofen produce analgesic effects. Since (R)-flurbiprofen caused only little toxicity in rats as compared with the (S)-enantiomer or the racemic compound, a reduction of the quantitatively most important side effects in the gastrointestinal tract might be achieved by employing (R)-flurbiprofen in pain therapy.

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“…In the last ten years several studies have demonstrated the possibility of eliciting evoked potentials to different types of natural stimulation: mechanical defonnation of the skin of the finger (Pratt el al., l 979a, b, c, 1980(Pratt el al., l 979a, b, c, , 1981Ishiko et al, 1980;Pratt and Starr, 1981), flexion or extension of the ankle joint and thermal stimulation (Carmon et al, 1978). These alternative methods have the advantage of (1) providing information about the function of the receptors and terminal nerve fibres which electrical stimulation of nerve trunks bypasses and (2) activating reJatively specific types of neural elements and central pathways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral Somatosensory Potentials Evoked by Muscle Stretch, Cutaneous Taps and Electrical Stimulation of Peripheral Nerves in the Lower Limbs in Man

Cohen

Starr

Pratt

1985

Brain

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SUMMARYSomatosensory cerebral evoked potentials were recorded in man to natural forms of somatosensory stimulation of the lower extremity including stretching of the muscle tendons, tapping on muscle bellies and tapping on cutaneous surfaces. These potentials were compared with those evoked by electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves measuring the amplitudes and latencies of the evoked potential components and defining the effects of stimulus variables on these parameters. Spinal cord potentials could only be detected to electrical stimuli Mechanical stimulation of tendons and muscle bellies evoked scalp potentials at latencies earlier than those evoked by electrical stimulation of the peripheral nerve and by cutaneous stimulation at the same level of the leg. M1USCle receptors, most probably muscle spindles, are the source of the short latency components obtained by the stretching of tendons and tapping on muscle bellies. The proximal location of these receptolfS as well as very rapid spinal conduction account for the latency difference.The potentials were larger to electrical stimulation of nerve trunks than to mechanical stimulation of tendons or skin, suggesting the asynchronous activation of a smaller number of fibres by the latter. Individuals with the largest potentials to one form of stimulation usually had the largest potentials to the other modes of stimulation.The use of physiological stimuli such as muscle stretch to test the transmission in specific neural pathways might be useful in investigating the processing of relatively selective afferent volleys using noninvasive evoked potential recordings.

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Correlation of subjective pain experience with cerebral evoked responses to noxious thermal stimulations

Cited by 163 publications

References 8 publications

Characterizing the Cortical Activity through Which Pain Emerges from Nociception

Characterizing the Cortical Activity through Which Pain Emerges from Nociception

Effects of flurbiprofen enantiomers on pain‐related chemo‐somatosensory evoked potentials in human subjects.

Cerebral Somatosensory Potentials Evoked by Muscle Stretch, Cutaneous Taps and Electrical Stimulation of Peripheral Nerves in the Lower Limbs in Man

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