Correlation of Skull Size and Brain Volume, with Age, Weight, Height and Body Mass Index of Arak Medical Sciences Students

Chen

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

Masticatory muscle thickness provides objective measurements of the oral motor function, which may change in patients with oral myofascial pain. In this study, we aimed to establish a reliable ultrasound (US) protocol for imaging the superficial and deep masticatory muscles and to identify the potential influencers of the measurements. Forty-eight healthy participants without orofacial pain were enrolled. The intra-and inter-rater reliabilities of US measurements for masseter, temporalis, and lateral pterygoid muscles were assessed. Intraclass correlation coefficients for all muscles were greater than 0.6. The generalised estimating equation was used to analyse the impact of age, gender, laterality, and body mass index on the measurements, whereby age and body mass index were likely to be associated with an increase in masticatory muscle thickness. The thickness tended to be lesser in females. Laterality seemed to exert minimal influence on masticatory muscle thickness. Our study shows acceptable reliability of US in the evaluation of superficial and deep masticatory muscle thickness. Future studies are warranted to validate the usefulness of US imaging in patients with oral myofascial pain syndrome. Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is frequently observed in patients seeking dental treatment. It comprises various findings concerning the stomatognathic system, involving the temporomandibular joints, masticatory muscles, teeth, and ears 1,2. The prevalence of TMDs in the general population ranges from 34.9 to 42.4% across different studies 3,4 , and the incidence is more prevalent in females 5. Of note, oral myofascial pain is commonplace in about 10-15% of patients with TMD 6. The aetiology of oral myofascial pain is still controversial. The proposed mechanisms include overuse of the masticatory muscles and a decrease in its pain threshold following central sensitization 7. While overuse might lead to hypertrophy of the masticatory muscles in the early stages, persistent pain could result in disuse atrophy in chronic cases 8. In this sense, masticatory muscle thickness provides objective measurements of the oral motor function 9 , which is supposed to change in patients suffering from oral myofascial pain. Several imaging modalities, such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound (US) have been used to image the masticatory muscles. CT allows precise delineation of the skull bone where the masticatory muscles attach. However, radiation and poor resolution of the soft tissues make it unsuitable for muscle thickness measurements. Nowadays, MRI serves as the gold standard for depicting soft tissue pathologies 10 , but it is limited by its high cost and contraindications in patients with metal implants. US has various advantages over CT and MRI, i.e. real-time evaluation, zero radiation, cost-effectiveness, portability, and ease of dynamic examination 11. Further, it is capable of delineating muscle fibres-making it highly effective for imaging muscle trauma and neuromuscular diseas...

Section: Intra-rater Icc (95% Ci)mentioning

confidence: 69%

Ultrasound measurements of superficial and deep masticatory muscles in various postures: reliability and influencers

Chen

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

“…Can be due to the difference in head form in races and people in different geographical areas, it can be said that inheritance is the head cause of changes in the shape of the head and the environmental factors after that have the greatest impact. 17 It should be noted that the reaction to a specific environment indicates the response of the genotype of that population to the environment. 18 This study shows that the head are more common in children of Kabul city is broad, but unfortunately, for such a study to determine the head index has not been made in Afghanistan and there is no further information on the head index of different ages and ethnicities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cephalometry to determine the head index of children younger than 6 years in kindergartens at the Ministry of higher education in Kabul, Afghanistan

2019

Background: A part of the anthropometry that measures and studies the dimensions of the head and the faces is called cephalometric, the results of which are used in various medical branches. The standard of this measurement is different in each country because different racial factors and geographic impact on it, so the values obtained by researchers in other countries cannot be a criterion for determining the normal growth of head in other countries. The aim of this study was to determine the head standard index and the prevalence of head anatomic types in children younger than 6 years old in Kabul ministry of higher education Kindergartens in order to determine the head standard index in 2018.Methods: This descriptive study was conducted for all male and female children less than 6 years old at the ministry of higher education in Kabul, which had no specific physical and mental problems in 2018. The measurements of the length and width of the head were measured by the Martin Calliper Cephalometry, and according to the protocol, the head index and the prevalence of different phenotypes was determined.Results: Based on the present study, it was found that most of the male and female head are in the form of brachicephalic with a total percentage of 56.82%, as well as 31.81% of the heads hyper brachicephalic and 9.09% of the mesosafalic head and the lowest number of heads the were dolgossific species with a total percentage of 2.28%. Also, the study of the head index based on age showed that in less than one-year olds, the heads were most the type of hyper brachicephalic and in other age groups, the head index was lower and the brachicephalic.Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that the dominant phenotypes in children under the age of six years in kindergartens at the ministry of higher education in Kabul are of brachicephalic in both males and females.

“…yang dilakukan pada murid usia 18-26 tahun dengan mengukur tinggi badan, berat badan, panjang kepala, lebar kepala dan lingkar kepala. 13 Hasil penelitian menunjukkan korelasi positif antara volume otak dan pengukuran antropometri termasuk tinggi, berat, usia dan indeks massa tubuh. Korelasi tertinggi ditemukan pada volume otak dan indeks massa tubuh.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

“…Hasil penelitian tersebut terlihat bahwa ukuran lingkar kepala menurun seiring dengan meningkatnya ukuran tinggi badan. 13 Pada penelitian yang dilakukan Geraedts dkk. adanya korelasi antara lingkar kepala terhadap berat badan dan tinggi badan.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Perbedaan Lingkar Kepala Pada Manifestasi Kraniofasial Penderita Down Syndrome Usia 5-25 Tahun Di Upt. SLB-E Negeri Pembina Sumatera Utara

Primasari

Faradina

2016

Dentika Dental J.

Down syndrome merupakan abnormalitas kromosom (trisomi 21) yang paling sering terjadi dalam kelahiran hidup. Perbedaan yang paling khas adalah manifestasi kraniofasial. Pada penderitanya pengukuran antropometri dilakukan untuk melihat pertumbuhan anak Down syndrome agar dapat menyesuaikan perawatan yang diperlukan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui ukuran rata-rata kraniofasial berdasarkan panjang kepala, lebar kepala, tinggi wajah dan lingkar kepala pada penderita Down syndrome di UPT. SLB-E Negeri Pembina Sumatera Utara. Jenis Penelitian adalah deskriptif dengan rancangan cross sectional study. Sampel penelitian 23 orang yang sudah ditentukan berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Pengukuran dilakukan dengan menghitung panjang kepala, lebar kepala, tinggi wajah dengan menggunakan kaliper dan penggaris sedangkan lingkar kepala diukur menggunakan pita meteran. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Oneway Anova. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada lebar kepala (p=0,056) dan tinggi wajah (p=0,572) antara kelompok usia. Namun demikian, ada penambahan ukuran panjang kepala, lebar kepala, tinggi wajah dan lingkar kepala pada penderita Down syndrome seiring dengan bertambahnya usia Sebagai kesimpulan, penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada panjang kepala (p≤0,029) dan lingkar kepala (p≤0,02) antara kelompok usia.