“…59 As a family, TLRs are expressed by multiple immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells, as well as by non-immune cells including epithelial cells, fibroblasts and malignant cells. [60][61][62] Thus, besides controlling the activation, maturation and immunological functions of immune cells (notably cytokine secretion), [63][64][65][66][67][68][69] TLR signaling can influence tumor metabolism, proliferation and dissemination.- 60,62,[70][71][72][73][74][75] Several TLR ligands demonstrated potential therapeutic efficacy against malignant disorders. 70,76 Imiquimod, also called Aldara® (imiquimod 5% cream as commercialized by 3M Pharmaceuticals) or R-837, is a TLR7 agonist that is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of actinic keratosis, external genital/perianal warts (condylomata acuminata), and superficial basal cell carcinoma.…”