Correlation of <scp>CD</scp>4 count with cariogenic oral flora indicators and dental caries in <scp>HIV</scp>‐seropositive children undergoing antiretroviral therapy in Mangaluru, South India

Muraleedharan, Soumya; Panchmal, Ganesh Shenoy; Shenoy, Rekha P; Jodalli, Praveen; Sonde, Laxminarayan; Pasha, Imran

doi:10.1111/jicd.12292

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“… 35 However, one study had pointed out that there was no statistical significance between the CD4+ cell count and caries in HIV-positive children treated with ART in Mangaluru, India. 36 In this study, the prevalence of caries remained very high in both groups, which was 82.75% in the adolescence group and 84.8% in the young adult group. Participants in this study had received HAART for a long period, and achieved good therapeutic effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Oral Health Status of Young People Infected with HIV in High Epidemic Area of China

Chen

Cheng

Xie

2021

JMDH

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Purpose This study aimed to understand the oral hygiene habits and oral health status of young people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Henan province of China. Methods Randomized stratified cluster sampling strategy was used to select young people who were receiving highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HARRT) from 6 towns. A total of 104 participants were enrolled and divided into 2 groups, adolescence group and young adult group. By face-to-face oral interview and examination, well-trained dentists collected general information, oral hygiene habits and oral health status of the participants. Results Fifty-eight of them were adolescence group and 46 of them were young adult group. In two groups, most of them brushed their teeth once a day (55.20%, 67.40%), and half of them basically brushed their teeth for 2 minutes (51.7%, 50.0%). Majority of participants did not use dental floss (93.1%,91.3%) and also never visited a dentist (81%,78.3%). One-third of participants had spontaneous bleeding, and about half of them had gingival bleeding when brushed their teeth. The most frequent mucosal disease was oral ulcers. Moreover, the prevalence of caries remained very high in both groups, which was 82.76% and 84.8%, respectively. Most of the participants in both groups had low education level and received less than 9 years of education (65.5%, 63%). Conclusion The participants had poor oral hygiene habits. The economic and education level may associate with the awareness of oral health and care.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Oral Health Status of Young People Infected with HIV in High Epidemic Area of China

Chen

Cheng

Xie

2021

JMDH

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“…Although PHIV youth in this study had higher decay rates and caries scores than their uninfected counterparts, no correlation was found between the amount of tooth decay, current/nadir CD4 cell counts, or viral load after adjustments for similar covariates in the PHEU group. Similarly, Muraleedharan et al 17 in South India reported no correlation between CD4 count and dmft among a small cohort of 35 children (mean age 10.97 SD 4.21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Is there an association between viral load, CD4 count, WHO staging, and dental caries in HIV‐positive children?

Yengopal

Esan

Joosab

2020

Int J Paed Dentistry

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Background Few studies have investigated an association between CD4 counts, viral load (VL), WHO staging, and caries among HIV‐positive (HIV+) children on HAART therapy (>12 months). Aim To determine the strength of association between CD4 counts, WHO staging, VL, and dental caries. Design This cross‐sectional analytical study comprised of 355 HIV + children, aged 4‐12 years, attending a hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa. Demographic and clinical data such as decayed (d,D), missing (m,M), filled teeth (f,F) [dmft/DMFT], CD4 counts, and WHO staging were collected. Correlation and regression analyses were done to test for associations. Results Caries prevalence for this cohort of children was 57%. The dmft score for the primary dentition was 4.36 (SD 4.87) and DMFT for secondary dentition was 0.58 (SD 1.49). Pearson's correlation analyses showed significant association between VL and CD4 count (P = .003) and VL and WHO stage (P = .007). Weak associations were noted between caries (d, D) and VL, CD4 count, and WHO stage of disease for correlation and regression analyses. Conclusion There appears to be no substantial evidence of any significant association between the presence of caries among HIV + children and CD4 counts, viral load, and WHO clinical stage of the disease.

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“…observed that the caries experience increased in children undergoing ART increased to 86% 13 whereas a study done by Muraleedharan et al. showed a decreased incidence of dental caries in children with ART 14 and Ponnam et al. found no significant effect of ART on caries prevalence 15…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…9 The evidence regarding the association between dental caries, gingival health and HAART is mixed. Meless et al observed that the caries experience increased in children undergoing ART increased to 86% 13 whereas a study done by Muraleedharan et al showed a decreased incidence of dental caries in children with ART 14 and Ponnam et al found no significant effect of ART on caries prevalence. 15 Since, there is insufficient data regarding the prevalence of caries and gingival status in CLHAs and ALHAs in those undergoing HAART with HAART naïve (receiving no ART) CLHAs and ALHAs, this study was devised to assess dental plaque and dental caries in CLHAs and ALHAs in those undergoing HAART with HAART naïve CLHAs and ALHAs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

HAART medication and oral health status in children and adolescent HIV infected: A case control study

Kumar,

Subramaniam,

Prakash

2023

Special Care in Dentistry

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BackgroundThe advent of Highly Active Anti‐Retroviral Therapy (HAART) does influence the overall oral health care of children. The children undergoing HAART have shown an increase in caries activity owing to sugars in medicines to make them more palatable.AimThe aim of the study was to assess and compare the Oral Health of Children Living with HIV/AIDS (CLHAs) and Adolescents Living with HIV/AIDS (ALHAs) undergoing HAART and those who are HAART‐naïve.MethodsThis study was carried out at different Non‐Governmental Organizations (NGO's) across Kerala, India. The study group consisted of 150 HIV‐infected children aged 6–18 years. They were divided into two groups. Group 1 comprised of children prior to onset of HAART and Group 2 included children who had been on HAART for more than 3 years (HAART naïve). The assessment of dental caries status and dental plaque status was done. The observations were tabulated and statistically analyzed.ResultsOn Statistical Analysis, significant difference was noted between the groups with the Group 1(2.26 ± 0.58;p value = .000*) showing higher scores of dental plaque and a significant difference was also observed with respect to dental caries scores with DMFT and dmft scores higher in Group 2(dmft 2.08 ± 2.85; p value = .001* and DMFT 4.10 ± 1.71;p value = .003*).ConclusionIt was concluded that oral hygiene conditions were poor in children with HIV, with dental plaque scores more in HAART‐naïve which may be due to their lesser visits and reinforcements regarding oral hygiene from a dentist and dental caries score more in HAART group, this may be attributed to the hidden sugars present in HAART medications to make it more palatable. Early recognition and management of oral conditions are important to improve the quality of life for these children.

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Correlation of CD4 count with cariogenic oral flora indicators and dental caries in HIV‐seropositive children undergoing antiretroviral therapy in Mangaluru, South India

Abstract: No statistically-significant correlation was found between CD4 count and cariogenic oral flora indicators in HIV-positive patients. The presence of a minimum number of restored teeth compared to decayed teeth suggests a lack of dental care being given to HIV-positive patients.

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Oral Health Status of Young People Infected with HIV in High Epidemic Area of China

Oral Health Status of Young People Infected with HIV in High Epidemic Area of China

Is there an association between viral load, CD4 count, WHO staging, and dental caries in HIV‐positive children?

HAART medication and oral health status in children and adolescent HIV infected: A case control study

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