Correlation of Radiation With Electron and Neutron Signals Taken in a Plasma-Focus Device

Kubeš, P.; Kravárik, J.; Klír, D.; Řezáč, K.; Scholz, M.; Paduch, M.; Tomaszewski, K.; Ivanova‐Stanik, I.; Bienkowska, B.; Karpinski, L.; Sadowski, M.; Schmidt, H.

doi:10.1109/tps.2006.877629

Cited by 24 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…5 and Table I. The number of fast deuterons monotonically decreases with increasing deuteron energy as the function (E d ) - (2)(3)(4) . The deuterons with energy below 10-20 keV did not produce high number of neutrons due to small crosssections.…”

Section: Experiments and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…They were situated downstream (7. On the PF-1000 facility the total neutron yield reaches 10 10 -10 11 per shot. The characteristics of neutron emission and the correlation of the x-rays with neutrons and frames were published in [3]. In this contribution we evaluate the energy distribution of the fast deuterons from the energy distribution of neutrons.…”

Section: Experiments and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In spite of these circumstances and 50-years long research, the fusion reaction mechanisms as well as the acceleration mechanism of high-energy electrons and deuterons in Z-pinches are still under discussion. A detail research of fusion processes at the PF device was performed for example in Stuttgart [1], in France [2] and in Warsaw [3]. The idea of an influence of the magnetic field on the observed neutron yield was proposed in the paper [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of D-D Reaction at the Plasma Focus Device

Kubeš¹,

Kravárik²,

Klír³

et al. 2008

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. The plasma focus device PF-1000 at IPPLM Warsaw with neutron yields of 10 9 -10 11 neutrons per shot is convenient for the determination of the axial neutron energy distribution in the fusion D-D reaction due to the horizontal position of a discharge axis and the distance of scintillation detectors up to 85 m from the neutron source in both axial (downstream and upstream) directions. In this paper the determination of the axial energy component of the fast deuterons producing neutrons is presented for the shot with a relative small neutron yield and nearly isotropic neutron energy distribution and the total energy of fast deuterons producing neutrons is estimated. We calculated, if the dense structure with the length of 2 cm and the density of 2x10 25 m -3 could be the source of neutrons. We estimated the upper limit of energy of deuterons producing neutrons as 10-20 keV and their total number as 10 18 . The deuterons with energies below 10-20 keV can't produce high number of neutrons due to the small cross-section of D-D reaction but they can be principally confined by magnetic field. We discuss the influence of magnetic field on the motion of deuterons.

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Section: Experiments and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Experiments and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Study of D-D Reaction at the Plasma Focus Device

Kubeš¹,

Kravárik²,

Klír³

et al. 2008

AIP Conference Proceedings

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“…• Neutron time-of-flight (ToF) spectra measured axially in the direction of current flow (0°) and in the opposite direction (180°) consistently show shift of the spectral peak at 2.45 MeV to higher and lower energies [3][4][5][6] respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dense Plasma Focus: A question in search of answers, a technology in search of applications

Auluck

2014

Int. J. Mod. Phys. Conf. Ser.

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Diagnostic information accumulated over four decades of research suggests a directionality of toroidal motion for energetic ions responsible for fusion neutron production in the Dense Plasma Focus (DPF) and existence of an axial component of magnetic field even under conditions of azimuthal symmetry. This is at variance with the traditional view of Dense Plasma Focus as a purely irrotational compressive flow. The difficulty in understanding the experimental situation from a theoretical standpoint arises from polarity of the observed solenoidal state: three independent experiments confirm existence of a fixed polarity of the axial magnetic field or related azimuthal current. Since the equations governing plasma dynamics do not have a built-in direction, the fixed polarity must be related with initial conditions: the plasma dynamics must interact with an external physical vector in order to generate a solenoidal state of fixed polarity. Only four such external physical vectors can be identified: the earth's magnetic field, earth's angular momentum, direction of current flow and the direction of the plasma accelerator. How interaction of plasma dynamics with these fields can generate observed solenoidal state is a question still in search of answers; this paper outlines one possible answer. The importance of this question goes beyond scientific curiosity into technological uses of the energetic ions and the high-power-density plasma environment. However, commercial utilization of such technologies faces reliability concerns, which can be met only by first-principles integrated design of globallyoptimized industrial-quality DPF hardware. Issues involved in the emergence of the Dense Plasma Focus as a technology platform for commercial applications in the not-too-distant future are discussed.

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“…In spite of these circumstances and 50-years research, the mechanisms of both, the fusion reaction as well as the acceleration of high energy electrons and ions in Z-pinches, are still under discussion [1]. A detailed research of fusion processes within PF discharges was performed at the Poseidon facility in Stuttgart [2] and at the PF 1000 in Warsaw [3]. Those papers report the results of the studies of the correlation of visible, XUV, X-ray, and high energy electron and neutron emission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time delay of the hard X-ray and neutron emission at PF 1000 facility

et al. 2006

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The PF 1000 plasma focus device with deuterium as filling gas is used for the study of hard X-rays and neutrons (originated from D-D fusion reactions). The time of generation and energy distribution of neutrons were determined using the time-of-flight method and MC simulations. The hard X-ray and neutron signals have usually two pulses: the first at the minimum of current derivative and the second 120 ÷ 170 ns later. An experimentally observed asymmetry of neutron pulses detected with scintillation detectors in axial z-direction downstream and upstream is explored by simple model in which each of both neutron pulses is decomposed into two components: the asymmetry one with energy above 2.45 MeV downstream and the symmetry one with the maximum of 2.45 MeV. In this article we describe in detail the shot No. 5566. The asymmetry component has energy downstream 2.55 ÷ 2.85 MeV (the first peak) or/and 2.70 ÷ 3.00 MeV (the second peak). The symmetric component in the energy range 2.2 ÷ 2.7 MeV is generated a few tens ns after the asymmetric one and it contains a lower part 25 ÷ 35 % of neutrons. In this presented shot the onset of neutrons was observed before the onset of hard X-rays. This fact declares the possibility of acceleration of a fraction of the fast energy deuterons before the fast electrons.PACS : 52.59.Hg

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Correlation of Radiation With Electron and Neutron Signals Taken in a Plasma-Focus Device

Cited by 24 publications

References 6 publications

Study of D-D Reaction at the Plasma Focus Device

Study of D-D Reaction at the Plasma Focus Device

Dense Plasma Focus: A question in search of answers, a technology in search of applications

Time delay of the hard X-ray and neutron emission at PF 1000 facility

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