Correlation of Nitrite and Ammonia with Prevalence of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) in Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) on Several Super-Intensive Ponds in East Java, Indonesia

Nkuba, Anord Charles; Mahasri, Gunanti; Lastuti‬, ‪Nunuk Dyah Retno; Mwendolwa, Adamu Ayubu

doi:10.20473/jipk.v13i1.24430

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The concentration of NH 3 in estuarine waters during observations ranged from 0.21 -0.29 mg/l, this range was above the recommended limit for pond aquaculture quality standards set at <0.1 mg/l [21]. Nkuba et al [23] found the same thing, that the concentration of NH 3 in the ponds was <1 mg/l, suitable for the growth and survival of shrimp and fish was 0.1 mg/l.…”

Section: Total Organic Matter (Tom)mentioning

confidence: 78%

Analysis of Total Organic Matter, Total Nitrogen, and Total Phosphorus in the Estuary Waters of Maros as a Source of Brackish Water for Fish Ponds Aquaculture

Massora¹,

Mulyati²,

Suryati³

et al. 2023

ARRB

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Indonesia is a tropical area with high rainfall, the area on land is connected by around 472 large and small rivers that flow into the sea. The estuary area is the meeting area of rivers or fresh water streams with the ocean. Transportation of organic matter, minerals and sediments from upstream to the estuary and from the sea containing minerals, hence estuarine waters are more fertile than other areas. In addition, estuary areas are important habitats for several types of marine and freshwater organisms to fulfill their life cycles, which are used as spawning, foraging, and nursery grounds. This study aimed to determine the total organic contents, total Nitrogen, and Phosphorus in the estuary waters of Maros as a source of brackish water for fish pond aquaculture in Maros Regency. The research was conducted in the estuary waters of Maros for three months from September to November 2020. Sampling was conducted four times with an interval of once every 15 days. Sampling was carried out at five stations based on water movements to the estuary, station A was located at the seawater, station B was located in the pond wastewater locations, station C was water sources from residential waste, station D was located in the river, and station E was the estuarine water. The results showed that the dominant water quality parameters affecting estuarine water quality were salinity, total organic matter, nitrogen content, either in the form of ammonia, nitrate, or nitrite, and phosphorus content, especially phosphate. Water entering the estuary has an impact on high concentrations of total organic matter, increased concentrations of Total N, and phosphorus. The results of water quality analysis in estuaries showed that salinity, organic matter, ammonia, nitrite and nitrate, and phosphate exceed the standard threshold for water quality standards for fish pond aquaculture. Thus, the waters of the Maros estuary are not suitable for aquaculture, especially for the 5 observed stations (A, B, C, D and E).

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Section: Total Organic Matter (Tom)mentioning

confidence: 78%

Analysis of Total Organic Matter, Total Nitrogen, and Total Phosphorus in the Estuary Waters of Maros as a Source of Brackish Water for Fish Ponds Aquaculture

Massora¹,

Mulyati²,

Suryati³

et al. 2023

ARRB

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“…parasite load, water quality) and endogenous (e.g. physiological state) factor modulating the parasite’s infection process in shrimp 19 , 31 . In any case, the capability of detecting EHP in less than 10 dpi could have positive diagnostic implication since combining ISH and real-time PCR could be an effective means in detecting the parasite early in a culture cycle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The emerging pathogen Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei drives a degenerative cyclic pattern in the hepatopancreas microbiome of the shrimp (Penaeus vannamei)

López‐Carvallo

Cruz‐Flores

Dhar

2022

Sci Rep

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The microsporidian Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is an emerging pathogen that causes substantial economic losses in shrimp (Penaeus spp.) aquaculture worldwide. To prevent diseases in shrimp, the manipulation of the gut microbiota has been suggested. However, prior knowledge of the host-microbiome is necessary. We assessed the modulation of the microbiome (bacteria/fungi) and its predicted functions over the course of disease progression in shrimp experimentally challenged with EHP for 30 days using high throughput 16S rRNA and ITS amplicon sequencing. Infection grade was assessed for the first time by quantitative digital histopathology. According to the infection intensity, three disease-stages (early/developmental/late) were registered. During the early-stage, EHP was not consistently detected, and a high diversity of potentially beneficial microorganisms related to nutrient assimilation were found. In the development-stage, most of the shrimp start to register a high infection intensity related to a decrease in beneficial microorganisms and an increase in opportunistic/pathogenic fungi. During late-stage, animals displayed different infection intensities, showed a displacement of beneficial microorganisms by opportunistic/pathogenic bacteria and fungi related to pathogen infection processes and depletion of energetic reserves. The degenerative cyclic pattern of EHP infection and its effects on beneficial microorganisms and beneficial functions of the shrimp hepatopancreas microbiome are discussed.

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“…This is distinct from cases of sudden mortality or growth retardation, wherein symptoms or lesions are prominent. The health of prawns infected with EHP can deteriorate with an increase in ammonia and nitrite contents [ 38 , 39 ], leading to complex infections related to bacterial diseases that may cause mortality [ 40 , 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Report of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei Infection in Giant Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man) Cultured in the Republic of Korea

Jang

Kim

et al. 2022

Animals

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In the Republic of Korea, Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) was first isolated from Pacific whiteleg shrimp in April 2020; however, there are no existing reports of EHP infection in other shrimp or prawns. Here, we aimed to investigate EHP infection and its prevalence in giant freshwater prawn farms in the Republic of Korea. We tested prawns from 22 farms for EHP infection, and samples from eight farms showed positive EHP infection results in 2021. In EHP-infected prawn farms, the prevalence ranged from 4.9% to 18.2%. The prevalence of EHP infection in the Republic of Korea, derived from the prevalence in prawn farms, was estimated to be 0.8% in 2021. The proliferation of EHP was observed within the hepatopancreatic epithelial cells of prawns using H&E and Giemsa staining. Mature EHP was observed in the sinus between epithelial cells of the digestive tubules. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a clade distinct from the previously reported EHP in Pacific whiteleg shrimps. This is the first report of EHP infection in a giant freshwater prawn in the Republic of Korea, where the prevalence of EHP infection is not high, but it is recognized as an emerging disease that requires periodic monitoring and quarantine management in giant freshwater prawns.

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Correlation of Nitrite and Ammonia with Prevalence of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) in Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) on Several Super-Intensive Ponds in East Java, Indonesia

Cited by 9 publications

References 37 publications

Analysis of Total Organic Matter, Total Nitrogen, and Total Phosphorus in the Estuary Waters of Maros as a Source of Brackish Water for Fish Ponds Aquaculture

Analysis of Total Organic Matter, Total Nitrogen, and Total Phosphorus in the Estuary Waters of Maros as a Source of Brackish Water for Fish Ponds Aquaculture

The emerging pathogen Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei drives a degenerative cyclic pattern in the hepatopancreas microbiome of the shrimp (Penaeus vannamei)

First Report of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei Infection in Giant Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man) Cultured in the Republic of Korea

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