Correlation of myoelectric activity and muscle force during selected cat treadmill locomotion

Achilles Tendon Forces During Cycling

“…While it is safe to say that knowledge of the forces produced by individual muscles during normal movement is important, there are no reports in the literature where these forces have been directly measured in man. Recent studies on the motor output of extensor muscles in the cat hindlimb include several variables such as individual muscle force, length and velocity across a range of locomotor speeds (2,6,9,11,16,18,20,21). Buckle-type transducers were surgically implanted under anesthesia on individual extensor tendons (e.g., gastrocnemius and soleus) to monitor force production during movement.…”

Selectively reshaping a muscle phenotype: Functional overload of cat plantaris

“…The tendon force transducers were calibrated prior to implantation and then on the tendon during an in situ terminal experiment as described in Sherif et al16 Force and EMG signals were recorded periodically during treadmill locomotion the week prior to and up to three weeks after FO surgery.…”

“…All of the procedures for the EMG and tendon force transducers implants in cats have described in detail previously 16,17. Briefly an amphenol connector was cemented to the skull, and a skin incision was made to expose the plantaris muscle bilaterally.…”

Measurement of in vivo tendon function

“…Buckle transducers have been used for characterizing medial gastrocnemius tendon force in the cat during treadmill walking. 79 This approach has also been used extensively to characterize in vivo muscle/tendon mechanics in various animal models. 6,14,66 Implantable force transducers have been used to estimate tendon forces in a variety of animal models.…”