Correlation of Local Interleukin‐1beta Levels with Specific IgA Response Against <i>Gardnerella vaginalis</i> Cytolysin in Women with Bacterial Vaginosis

Cauci, Sabina; Driussi, Silvia; Guaschino, Secondo; Isola, Miriam; Quadrifoglio, Franco

doi:10.1034/j.1600-0897.2002.01096.x

Cited by 66 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…For example, IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 can be present in healthy vaginal secretions, [49,50] and the levels are elevated in vaginal secretions during infection with M. hominis or Ureaplasma urealyticum or during intra-amniotic inflammation [51]. IL-1β is consistently higher in genital fluids from women with BV [49,52,53]. However, a recent study by Nakahara et al [54] concluded that IL-1β alone did not induce the phenotypic maturation of MDDC, but maturation required the presence of IFN-γ to induce differentiation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dendritic cell activation and maturation induced by mucosal fluid from women with bacterial vaginosis

John

Martinson

Simões

et al. 2007

Clinical Immunology

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Dendritic cells (DC) at mucosal surfaces mature when exposed to "danger" signals such as LPS. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a prevalent alteration of the vaginal bacterial flora associated with preterm childbirth and increased risk for HIV acquisition. We examined the effect of mucosal fluid from women with BV or healthy flora on DC function. IL-12, IL-23 and p40 production by monocytederived dendritic cells (MDDC) were all induced by BV samples. Activation/maturation markers HLA-DR, CD40, and CD83 on MDDC incubated with BV CVL were also induced. BV CVL also decreased the endocytic ability of MDDC and increased proliferation of T-cells in allogeneic MLR. Plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) CD86 expression was induced by BV CVL. Healthy flora CVL had little effect in any of the tests. This study suggests that BV, but not healthy flora, affects local dendritic cell function in vivo suggesting a mechanism through which BV affects mucosal immunity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dendritic cell activation and maturation induced by mucosal fluid from women with bacterial vaginosis

John

Martinson

Simões

et al. 2007

Clinical Immunology

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“…IgA antibodies against vaginolysin have been linked to the mucosal immune response during BV, further supporting the role of vaginolysin in BV pathogenesis (Cauci et al, 2002). We analysed the relative cytotoxic activity levels of the BVassociated anaerobes, and found that only G. vaginalis was able to induce rounding and lysis of ME-180 vaginal epithelial cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of adherence, biofilm formation and cytotoxicity suggests a greater virulence potential of Gardnerella vaginalis relative to other bacterial-vaginosis-associated anaerobes

et al. 2010

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Worldwide, bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal disorder in women of childbearing age. BV is characterized by a dramatic shift in the vaginal microflora, involving a relative decrease in lactobacilli, and a proliferation of anaerobes. In most cases of BV, the predominant bacterial species found is Gardnerella vaginalis. However, pure cultures of G. vaginalis do not always result in BV, and asymptomatic women are sometimes colonized with low numbers of G. vaginalis. Thus, there is controversy about whether G. vaginalis is an opportunistic pathogen and the causative agent of many cases of BV, or whether BV is a polymicrobial condition caused by the collective effects of an altered microbial flora. Recent studies of the biofilm-forming potential and cytotoxic activity of G. vaginalis have renewed interest in the virulence potential of this organism. In an effort to tease apart the aetiology of this disorder, we utilized in vitro assays to compare three virulence properties of G. vaginalis relative to other BVassociated anaerobes. We designed a viable assay to analyse bacterial adherence to vaginal epithelial cells, we compared biofilm-producing capacities, and we assessed cytotoxic activity. Of the BV-associated anaerobes tested, only G. vaginalis demonstrated all three virulence properties combined. This study suggests that G. vaginalis is more virulent than other BV-associated anaerobes, and that many of the bacterial species frequently isolated from BV may be relatively avirulent opportunists that colonize the vagina after G. vaginalis has initiated an infection. INTRODUCTIONBacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most prevalent vaginal disorder in women of reproductive age, affecting 10-20 % of Caucasian women, and 30-50 % of African American women, although estimates of its prevalence depend on the population studied (Eschenbach, 1993;Sobel, 2000). The normal healthy vagina is populated mainly by hydrogenperoxide-producing lactobacilli that inhibit the growth of other vaginal flora (Eschenbach et al., 1989). BV is characterized by a loss of these protective lactobacilli, an increase in vaginal pH to .4.5, and the proliferation of a variety of anaerobic species. Symptoms of BV can include a thin greyish-white vaginal discharge with a foul odour, and mild irritation. Of more concern is that BV is associated with serious disorders, such as pelvic inflammatory disease (Sobel, 2000;Larsson et al., 2005) and adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm delivery, low birth weight and post-partum endometritis. BV also increases the risk of male-to-female, and female-to-male, HIV transmission (Schmid et al., 2000).Gardnerella vaginalis is present in up to 95 % of cases of BV (Catlin, 1992;Marrazzo et al., 2008); however, with the advancement of molecular tools, it has been shown that the numbers and diversity of anaerobes associated with BV are high (Oakley et al., 2008). One study has found that pure cultures of G. vaginalis do not always cause BV, and that the organism can occur, albeit in low numbers, in healt...

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“…Increased vaginal concentrations of IL-1␤ have been consistently found in women with BV, and HIV. [27][28][29][30] In vaginal fluid, IL-1␤ was positively associated with IL-8 (CXCL8) a potent chemokine. 29 Both of these proinflammatory cytokines were consistently correlated with the number of vaginal neutrophils, in healthy and BV-positive women.…”

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confidence: 99%

Modulation of vaginal immune response among pregnant women with bacterial vaginosis by Trichomonas vaginalis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and yeast

Cauci

Culhane

2007

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Correlation of Local Interleukin‐1beta Levels with Specific IgA Response Against Gardnerella vaginalis Cytolysin in Women with Bacterial Vaginosis

Cited by 66 publications

References 49 publications

Dendritic cell activation and maturation induced by mucosal fluid from women with bacterial vaginosis

Dendritic cell activation and maturation induced by mucosal fluid from women with bacterial vaginosis

Analysis of adherence, biofilm formation and cytotoxicity suggests a greater virulence potential of Gardnerella vaginalis relative to other bacterial-vaginosis-associated anaerobes

Modulation of vaginal immune response among pregnant women with bacterial vaginosis by Trichomonas vaginalis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and yeast

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