Correlation of Homocysteine Level and Age in Patients with Ischemic Stroke

Sultan, Muhammad Omer; Farooque, Umar; Javed, Rafay; Khan, Muhammad Inam; Karimi, Sundas; Sattar, Rukhsana Abdul; Cheema, Omer

doi:10.7759/cureus.7785

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…Additionally, a recent large-sample study including 7872 subjects evaluated the age-related differences in Hcy levels in a general Chinese population and showed that the Hcy levels rst decreased, then increased, and signi cantly increased after 50 years of age 17 , similar to the results of our study. However, some previous studies did not observe a statistically signi cant association between Hcy levels and age 18 , whereas other studies reported that plasma Hcy levels increased signi cantly with age in the general population and patients with schizophrenia 19 ; 20 . The inconsistent results for this association are unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Association Between Plasma Homocysteine Levels and Cognitive Deficits in Han Chinese Patients with Schizophrenia across Age Groups

Zhou

Huang

Feng

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: It was still unclear how homocysteine (Hcy) levels and cognitive deficits change in patients with schizophrenia of various ages. The present article attempts to assess the relationship between Hcy levels and cognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia across age groups, especially in young people.Methods: Totals of 103 patients and 122 healthy controls were included. All participants were stratified into four groups according to their age: 18-29 years, 30-39 years, 40-49 years, and 50-59 years. Clinical data, plasma Hcy levels, and cognitive function score were collected. Cognitive function was evaluated using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery of tests assessing speed of processing, verbal learning and memory, visual learning and memory, working memory, and attention/vigilance.Results: Compared with the healthy group, Hcy levels increased significantly, and all the measured cognitive function score were significantly lower in all age groups of patients with schizophrenia (p < 0.001). Hcy levels were negatively associated with speed of processing (SoP), working memory (WM), and visual learning and memory (Vis Lrng) score in 18-29 years. Further multiple regression analysis showed that SoP were independently associated with Hcy levels in patients with schizophrenia aged 18-29 years (B = 0.61, t = 3.17, p = 0.013).Conclusions: Based on our results, patients with schizophrenia performed worse on cognitive assessments and Hcy levels were more closely related to cognition in young patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Association Between Plasma Homocysteine Levels and Cognitive Deficits in Han Chinese Patients with Schizophrenia across Age Groups

Zhou

Huang

Feng

et al. 2021

Preprint

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show abstract

“…Additionally, a recent large-sample study including 7872 subjects evaluated the age-related differences in Hcy levels in a general Chinese population and showed that the Hcy levels first decreased, then increased, and significantly increased after 50 years of age 17 , similar to the results of our study. However, some previous studies did not observe a statistically significant association between Hcy levels and age 18 , whereas other studies reported that plasma Hcy levels increased significantly with age in the general population and patients with schizophrenia 8 , 10 . The inconsistent results for this association are unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Association between plasma homocysteine levels and cognitive deficits in Han Chinese patients with schizophrenia across age groups

Zhou

Huang

Feng

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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It was still unclear how homocysteine (Hcy) levels and cognitive deficits change in patients with schizophrenia of various ages. The present article attempts to assess the relationship between Hcy levels and cognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia across age groups, especially in young people. Totals of 103 patients and 122 healthy controls were included. All participants were stratified into four groups according to their age: 18–29 years, 30–39 years, 40–49 years, and 50–59 years. Clinical data, plasma Hcy levels, and cognitive function score were collected. Cognitive function was evaluated using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery of tests assessing speed of processing, verbal learning and memory, visual learning and memory, working memory, and attention/vigilance. Compared with the healthy group, Hcy levels increased significantly, and all the measured cognitive function score were significantly lower in all age groups of patients with schizophrenia (p < 0.001). Hcy levels were negatively associated with speed of processing (SoP), working memory (WM), and visual learning and memory (Vis Lrng) score in 18–29 years. Further multiple regression analysis showed that SoP were independently associated with Hcy levels in patients with schizophrenia aged 18–29 years (B = 0.74, t = 3.12, p = 0.008). Based on our results, patients with schizophrenia performed worse on cognitive assessments and Hcy levels were more closely related to cognition in young patients.

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“…To write on HHcy and SVD is a novelty, and even though some clinical studies have been done [162,170,171,172,173,174], mechanisms, processes, and reactions have developed continuously and established as potential damage mechanisms. It is an extraordinary-ongoing cultural development and conquest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Homocysteine, therefore, could contribute SVD pathology with four mechanisms: promoting neurodegeneration, favoring neuro-inflammation, damaging endothelium, and finally activating oxidative stress. Nevertheless, there are not many studies directly concerning HCy or HHCy and SVD [162,170,171,172,173,174]. Our review is an attempt to review the four principal mechanisms of HHcy induced damage with a focus on SVD.…”

Section: Homocysteine and Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homocysteine in Neurology: A Risk Factor or Something Different in Small Vessel Disease

Moretti¹,

Caruso²,

Gazzin³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Homocysteine (Hcy) is a sulfur-containing amino acid that is generated during methionine metabolism. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is typically defined as levels >15 micro mols/L. Elevated plasma levels of Hcy can be caused by the deficiency of either vitamin B12 or folate. The active role of homocysteine is quite ambivalent: many studies detected its potential impact on neurological events; others try to identify it as one of the possible risk factors of cardiovascular events, but with a complementary and secondary role. HHcy has been reported in many neurologic disorders, including cognitive impairment and stroke, independent of long-recognized factors such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smoking. Nowadays, homocysteine could be considered as a possible link between a common vascular risk factor and potential alterations in degenerative neuronal disorders. HHcy-induced oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress; all these aspects have been considered to play an essential role in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including atherosclerosis, major stroke, and vascular dementia. Specific models of astrocytes impairment in HHcy-mice, which mimic small vessel disease, have been developed with a three-step investigation (at 6, 10, 14 weeks of B6, B9, and B12 detrimental diet in wild type HHcy mouse). These studies found out that after ten weeks on a diet (at the most after 14 weeks), end-feet disruption occurs. This phenomenon is concomitant to reduced vascular labeling for aquaporin -4-water channels, lower protein/mRNA levels for Kir4.1, and BK potassium channels, associated with a higher expression of MMP-9. The most exciting finding is that microglial activation in this mice model was evident since the precocious time of observation (6-week time) and precedes astrocytic changes. Our research aims to review the possible role of HHcy in neurodegenerative disease and small-vessel disease and to understand its pathogenic impact.

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Correlation of Homocysteine Level and Age in Patients with Ischemic Stroke

Abstract: How to cite this article

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Association Between Plasma Homocysteine Levels and Cognitive Deficits in Han Chinese Patients with Schizophrenia across Age Groups

Association Between Plasma Homocysteine Levels and Cognitive Deficits in Han Chinese Patients with Schizophrenia across Age Groups

Association between plasma homocysteine levels and cognitive deficits in Han Chinese patients with schizophrenia across age groups

Homocysteine in Neurology: A Risk Factor or Something Different in Small Vessel Disease

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