Correlation of hematological inflammatory biomarkers in patients with urolithiasis: A prospective case control study

Abstract

Background Inflammation plays a crucial role in the initial stage and the progression of urinary stones. The literature suggesting association of elevated inflammatory biomarkers in patients with urolithiasis is very scarce. Therefore, present study aimed to compare association of inflammatory biomarkers with urolithiasis. Methods This prospective study compared patients age > 14 years with kidney, bladder, ureter stones and no other systemic disease (test group) with healthy controls (control group). Baseline characteristics and routine blood tests were recorded. Primary endpoint was to diagnose the effect of biochemical parameters in stone prevalence. Results A total of 399 populations categorized into two groups: test group (n = 358) and control group (n = 41). The median age was 47.0 years in the test group and 48.0 years in the control group. The proportion of men was more than women in both the groups. The median C-reactive protein level and red cell distribution width (RDW) were significantly higher in the test group than control group (P < 0.001). Where, the lymphocyte level was significantly lowered in patients with kidney stones. Microscopic hematuria was present in approximately 17.6% of patients with urinary calculi (P = 0.001). Binary multiple logistic regression analysis with biochemical parameters, predicted that neutrophil (P = 0.010), lymphocyte (P = 0.040), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (P = 0.006) and RDW (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with urinary stone prediction. Area under curve for RDW was 0.78 (95% CI 0.70–0.86); P < 0.001. Conclusions The present study demonstrated that NLR and RDW significantly increased in patients with kidney stone. It appears to be potentially useful inflammatory biomarkers of systemic inflammation in patients with kidney stone.