Correlation of expression patterns of homothorax, dachshund, and Distal-less with the proximodistal segmentation of the cricket leg bud

Inoue, Yoshiko; Mito, Taro; Miyawaki, Katsuyuki; Matsushima, Kyoko; Shinmyo, Yohei; Heanue, Tiffany A.; Mardon, Graeme; Ohuchi, Hideyo; Noji, Sumihare

doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(02)00017-5

Cited by 64 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In T3 legs of Gryllus embryos, two broad rings of the GbЈdachshund (GbЈdac) expression were apparent in the distal femur and distal tibia/proximal tarsus regions at this stage (Inoue et al, 2002) (Fig. 6F, arrowheads).…”

Section: Gbјnotch Rnai Treatment Causes Fusion and Shortening Of Leg mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In wild-type embryo legs, GbЈDistal-less (GbЈDll) was strongly expressed in the distal tip and more proximal tarsal domains (Fig. 6H, arrowheads), as well as in the region from the proximal tarsus to the distal tibia, but weakly expressed in the femur to the distal trochanter (Inoue et al, 2002) (Fig. 6H).…”

Section: Gbјnotch Rnai Treatment Causes Fusion and Shortening Of Leg mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ancestral functions of Delta/Notch signaling in the formation of body and leg segments in the cricketGryllus bimaculatus

et al. 2011

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SUMMARYDelta/Notch signaling controls a wide spectrum of developmental processes, including body and leg segmentation in arthropods. The various functions of Delta/Notch signaling vary among species. For instance, in Cupiennius spiders, Delta/Notch signaling is essential for body and leg segmentation, whereas in Drosophila fruit flies it is involved in leg segmentation but not body segmentation. Therefore, to gain further insight into the functional evolution of Delta/Notch signaling in arthropod body and leg segmentation, we analyzed the function of the Delta (GbЈDelta) and Notch (GbЈNotch) genes in the hemimetabolous, intermediate-germ cricket Gryllus bimaculatus. We found that GbЈDelta and GbЈNotch were expressed in developing legs, and that RNAi silencing of GbЈNotch resulted in a marked reduction in leg length with a loss of joints. Our results suggest that the role of Notch signaling in leg segmentation is conserved in hemimetabolous insects. Furthermore, we found that GbЈDelta was expressed transiently in the posterior growth zone of the germband and in segmental stripes earlier than the appearance of wingless segmental stripes, whereas GbЈNotch was uniformly expressed in early germbands. RNAi knockdown of GbЈDelta or GbЈNotch expression resulted in malformation in body segments and a loss of posterior segments, the latter probably due to a defect in posterior growth. Therefore, in the cricket, Delta/Notch signaling might be required for proper morphogenesis of body segments and posterior elongation, but not for specification of segment boundaries.

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Section: Gbјnotch Rnai Treatment Causes Fusion and Shortening Of Leg mentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Gbјnotch Rnai Treatment Causes Fusion and Shortening Of Leg mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancestral functions of Delta/Notch signaling in the formation of body and leg segments in the cricketGryllus bimaculatus

et al. 2011

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“…This means that changes in the relative sizes of domains within a growing disc will result in changes to the relative sizes of the corresponding regions of the final structure (eg the size of the femur relative to the tibia in an insect leg), and recently several authors have been able to link variation in appendage morphology with specific changes in the domains of expression of patterning genes (eg Niwa et al, 2000;Jockusch et al, 2004;Palsson et al, 2005). In fact, it has become clear that even large-scale (eg among-species) differences in the sizes and shapes of body parts may arise from subtle, trait-specific alterations in the spatial domains and levels of expression of patterning genes (eg Abouheif and Wray, 2002;Inoue et al, 2002;Beermann and Schroder, 2004;Jockusch et al, 2004). Thus, the limb-patterning pathway plays a central and crucial role in specifying the final morphology -the shape and the approximate final size -of adult insect structures, and this pathway is likely to be involved in the evolution of traits like beetle horns.…”

Section: Dj Emlen Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin signaling and limb-patterning: candidate pathways for the origin and evolutionary diversification of beetle ‘horns’

et al. 2006

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Beetle 'horns' are rigid outgrowths of the insect cuticle used as weapons in contests for access to mates. Relative to their body size, beetle horns can be enormous. They protrude from any of five different regions of the head or thorax; they are curved, straight, branched or bladed; and their development is often coupled with the nutrient environment (male dimorphism) or with sex (sexual dimorphism). Here, we show that this extraordinary diversity of horns can be distilled down to four trajectories of morphological change -horn location, shape, allometry and dimorphism -and we illustrate how the developmental mechanisms regulating horn growth could generate each of these types of horn evolution. Specifically, we review two developmental pathways known to regulate growth of morphological structures in Drosophila and other insects: a limb-patterning pathway that specifies the location and shape of a structure, and the insulin pathway, which modulates trait growth in response to larval nutrition. We summarize preliminary evidence indicating that these pathways are associated with the development of beetle horns, and we show how subtle changes in the relative activities of these two pathways would be sufficient to generate most of the extant diversity of horn forms. Our objective is to intuitively connect genotype with phenotype, and to advocate an informed 'candidate gene' approach to studies of the developmental basis of evolution. We end by using this insight from development to offer a solution to the longstanding mystery of the scarabs: the observation by Darwin, Lameere, Arrow and others that this one family of beetles appeared to have a 'special tendency' towards the evolution of horns.

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“…Despite these fundamental differences in appendage morphogenesis there appear to remain many similarities in the underlying patterning mechanisms. For example, Dll expression in the distal region and hth expression in the proximal region occurs during the development of appendages in a wide range of arthropods (23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29), and Dll activity is functionally required for distal leg formation in beetles and spiders (30,31). Dll, dac, and hth therefore represent legitimate candidate genes for the regulation of p/d-axis formation and growth during beetle horn development.…”

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Differential recruitment of limb patterning genes during development and diversification of beetle horns

Moczek

Rose

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

181

193

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The origins of novel complex phenotypes represent one of the most fundamental, yet largely unresolved, issues in evolutionary biology. Here we explore the developmental genetic regulation of beetle horns, a class of traits that lacks obvious homology to traits in other insects. Furthermore, beetle horns are remarkably diverse in their expression, including sexual dimorphisms, male dimorphisms, and interspecific differences in location of horn expression. At the same time, beetle horns share aspects of their development with that of more traditional appendages. We used larval RNA interference-mediated gene function analysis of 3 cardinal insect appendage patterning genes,dachshund, homothorax, and Distalless, to investigate their role in development and diversification of beetle horns within and between species. Transcript depletion of all 3 patterning genes generated phenotypic effects very similar to those documented in previous studies that focused on general insect development. In addition, we found that Distal-less and homothorax, but not dachshund, regulate horn expression in a species-, sex-, body region-, and body size-dependent manner. Our results demonstrate differential co-option of appendage patterning genes during the evolution and radiation of beetle horns. Furthermore, our results illustrate that regulatory genes whose functions are otherwise highly conserved nevertheless retain the capacity to acquire additional functions, and that little phylogenetic distance appears necessary for the evolution of sex-and species-specific differences in these functions.

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Correlation of expression patterns of homothorax, dachshund, and Distal-less with the proximodistal segmentation of the cricket leg bud

Cited by 64 publications

References 22 publications

Ancestral functions of Delta/Notch signaling in the formation of body and leg segments in the cricketGryllus bimaculatus

Ancestral functions of Delta/Notch signaling in the formation of body and leg segments in the cricketGryllus bimaculatus

Insulin signaling and limb-patterning: candidate pathways for the origin and evolutionary diversification of beetle ‘horns’

Differential recruitment of limb patterning genes during development and diversification of beetle horns

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