Correlation of erosion measurements and soil caesium-137 content

Elliott, G. L.; Campbell, B.L.; Loughran, R. J.

doi:10.1016/0883-2889(90)90017-b

Cited by 59 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Because of this, cesium-137 has been used in superfi cial soil erosion assessment. Many works has been developed utilizing cesium-137 methodology in soil erosion determination in different countries [1][2][3][4][5]. In Brazil, scarce works has been realized using cesium-137 methodology for soil erosion quantifi cation [6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial variability and Cesium-137 inventories in native forest

Andrello

Appoloni

2004

Braz. J. Phys.

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With the nuclear fi ssion discovery and development of nuclear weapons in 1940s, artifi cial radioisotopes were introduced in the environment. This contamination is due to worldwide fallout by superfi cial nuclear tests realized from early 1950s to late 1970s by USA, former URSS, UK, France and China. One of theses radioisotopes that have been very studied is cesium-137. Cesium-137 has a half-life of 30.2 years and its biological behavior is similar to the potassium. The behavior in soil matrix, depth distribution, spatial variability and inventories values of cesium-137 has been determinate for several regions of the world. In Brazil, some research groups have worked on this subject, but there are few works published about theses properties of cesium-137. The aim of this paper was study the depth distribution, spatial variability, and inventory of cesium-137 in native forest. Two native forests (Mata 1 and Mata UEL) were sampling in region of Londrina, PR. The results shows that there is a spatial variability of 40% for Mata 1 and 42% for Mata UEL. The depth distribution of cesium-137 for two forests presented a exponential form, characteristic to undisturbed soil. Cesium-137 inventory determinate for Mata 1 was 358 Bq m −2 and for Mata UEL was 320 Bq m −2 .

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial variability and Cesium-137 inventories in native forest

Andrello

Appoloni

2004

Braz. J. Phys.

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“…Cs and erosion plot data (Elliott et al, 1990;Loughran et al, 1988). Erosion rates estimated using the AEM have been…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Cs inventories an alternative model, the Australian Empirical Model (AEM) (Elliott et al, 1990;Loughran et al, 2004) was also used. The equations for this model are provided in Loughran et al (2004).…”

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Estimates of late Holocene soil production and erosion in the Snowy Mountains, Australia

Stromsoe

Marx

Callow

et al. 2016

CATENA

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Soil production in actively uplifting or high precipitation alpine landscapes is potentially rapid. However, these same landscapes are also susceptible to erosion and can be sensitive to changes in climate and anthropogenic activity which can upset the balance between soil production and erosion. The Snowy Mountains, southeastern Australia, are a tectonically stable, low relief, moderate precipitation mountain environment. The alpine area is extensively blanketed by soil that has been subjected to more intensive episodes of erosion during past periods of anthropogenic disturbance and under cold climate conditions of the late Quaternary. In this study, rates of soil development and hillslope erosion were investigated using radiocarbon dating, fallout radionuclides and sediment cores collected from lakes and reservoirs. Estimated Holocene soil development rates were 20-220 t/km2/y. Erosion rates determined from the radionuclides 137Cs and 210Pb were equivocal, due to the inherent spatial variability of radionuclide inventories relative to apparent erosion rates. Estimated average erosion rates over the past 100 years, determined from 210Pbex inventories, were 60 t/km2/y (95% CI: 10, 90). Inventories of 137Cs observed at the same site implied that more recent erosion rates (over the past 60 years) was below the detection limits of the sampling method applied here (i.e. /km2/y). The upper estimate of 90 t/km2/y is comparable to the mean erosion rate estimated using the radionuclide method for uncultivated sites in Australia and is significantly lower than that measured at sites were vegetation cover was disturbed by livestock grazing prior to its exclusion from the alpine area in the 1940s CE. Low erosion and high soil production rates relative to the lowland soils are likely related to extensive vegetation cover, which, in this context, protects soils against erosion and contributes to the formation of organic alpine soils, that rapidly accumulate organic matter by comparison to other soil types. Disciplines Medicine and Health Sciences | Social and Behavioral Sciences Publication DetailsStromsoe, N., Marx, S. K., Callow, N., McGowan, H. A. & Heijnis, H. (2016 AbstractSoil production in actively uplifting or high precipitation alpine landscapes is potentially rapid.However, these same landscapes are also susceptible to erosion and can be sensitive to changes in climate and anthropogenic activity which can upset the balance between soil production and erosion. The Snowy Mountains, southeastern Australia, are a tectonically stable, low relief, moderate precipitation mountain environment. The alpine area is extensively blanketed by soil that has been subjected to more intensive episodes of erosion during past periods of anthropogenic disturbance and under cold climate conditions of the late Quaternary. In this study, rates of soil development and hillslope erosion were investigated using radiocarbon dating, fallout radionuclides and sediment cores collected from lakes and reservoirs. the mean erosion rate est...

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“…Pb ex inventories were converted to erosion volumes using the theoretical diffusion and migration models of Walling et al (2007), using their software. In the case of 137 Cs inventories an alternative model, the Australian Empirical Model (AEM) (Elliott et al, 1990;Loughran et al, 2004) was also used. The AEM was developed specifically for Australian conditions and is based on relationships established between…”

Section: Estimating Hillslope Erosion Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cs and erosion plot data (Elliott et al, 1990;Loughran et al, 1988). Erosion rates estimated using the AEM have been shown to correspond well with erosion plots and sediment yield data in some areas (Martinez et al, 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

The fate of atmospheric metal pollutants in the landscape, Snowy Mountains, south-eastern Australia

Stromsoe¹

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Industrial metals, emitted to the atmosphere by human activity, have been transported and deposited to almost every location on Earth, including Antarctica and Greenland. This is demonstrated by an increasing body of literature in which many atmospheric industrial metals (e.g. Pb, Hg, Cd and Cu) have been shown to be significantly enriched in environmental archives. Studies have largely focussed on peat mires and ice cores, which receive high rates of atmospheric deposition relative to terrestrial inputs. By contrast, few studies have examined the extent of atmospherically derived metals across the wider landscape, where processes such as pedogenesis, erosion and sedimentation affect the spatial extent and magnitude of metal enrichment. In the Snowy Mountains, Australia, atmospheric pollutant metals have previously been identified in alpine peat mires, although their impact on the wider environment has not been assessed. Interest in the fate of atmospheric pollutants in the Snowy Mountains has increased due to the operation of a cloud seeding program in which, silver iodide, AgI, is released to the atmosphere, leading to concerns that silver, Ag, contamination may be accumulating in this ecologically important region. This thesis examines the spatial extent and magnitude of atmospherically derived metals in the SnowyMountains by investigating patterns of enrichment in a range of geomorphic settings and catchment positions, including in soils, peat mires, lakes and reservoirs. The potential movement of metals through the landscape was also assessed by examining rates of geomorphic processes, including rates of pedogenesis and erosion, determined via radionuclides. The thesis was undertaken in three parts which are summarised below. by atmospheric deposition (ombrotrophic peat mires in the upper parts of catchments), the order and magnitude of metal enrichment most closely resembled that of collected aerosols, however, on average enrichment was 5-7 fold lower than in the aerosols. Metals most sensitive to enrichment, i.e., those with low natural abundance in local sediments (Cd, Ag, Sb, Mo), were enriched in all environments including the most geomorphically active settings (tarn lake sediments). In reservoirs, located lower in catchments, patterns of metal enrichment largely reflected concentrations in catchment soils but metals were additionally enriched or depleted depending on their relative particle reactivity. For those metals which are most sensitive to enrichment (Ag, Cd, Sb), the increase in excess flux required to reach trigger value concentrations is lowest in the reservoir sediments (Ag: 13-18, Cd: 7-10 and Sb: 17-61 times the current flux) and highest in the tarn lake (Ag: 60, Cd: 15, Sb: 27 times the current flux) and the peat mire (Ag: 74, Cd: 15, Sb: 18 times the current flux).In part three of this thesis, rates of soil production and soil erosion were quantified using radiocarbon dating, fallout radionuclides and sediment yields in lakes and reservoirs in order to assess the stability of l...

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Correlation of erosion measurements and soil caesium-137 content

Cited by 59 publications

References 21 publications

Spatial variability and Cesium-137 inventories in native forest

Spatial variability and Cesium-137 inventories in native forest

Estimates of late Holocene soil production and erosion in the Snowy Mountains, Australia

The fate of atmospheric metal pollutants in the landscape, Snowy Mountains, south-eastern Australia

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