Correlation of detectability of hepatitis C virus genome in saliva of elderly Japanese symptomatic HCV carriers with their hepatic function

Sugimura, Haruhiko; Yamamoto, Hiroyuki; H, Watabiki; Ogawa, H; Harada, Hideharu; Saitoh, Issei; Miyamura, Tatsuo; Inoue, Masanobu; Tajima, Kazuo; Kino, Ichiro

doi:10.1007/bf01716281

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…IVDU, intravenous drug users. d Schneeberger et al, 1998. [ Tai-Cheng Liou et al, 1992;Sugimura et al, 1995;Roy et al, 1998Roy et al, , 1999Fabris et al, 1999]. Several explanations might be given.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Evaluation of hepatitis C antibody testing in saliva specimens collected by two different systems in comparison with HCV antibody and HCV rna in serum*

Doornum

Lodder

Buimer

et al. 2001

Journal of Medical Virology

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Two different ELISA assays, the Ortho HCV 3.0 ELISA (Ortho Diagnostics Systems) and the Mono-Lisa anti-HCV Plus (Sanofi Diagnostics Pasteur) were evaluated for the detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody in saliva samples. Specimens were collected from 152 individuals who participated in a longitudinal cohort study on HIV infection, and who used illicit drugs. Saliva specimens were collected using two different systems: Salivette (Sarstedt) and Omni-Sal (Saliva Diagnostic Systems). Saliva specimens were tested following modified protocols by both ELISAs, and the results were compared with serum specimens that were tested according to the instructions of the manufacturer. Serum samples of 102 (67%) participants were positive by both assays, and 50 persons were negative for HCV antibody. A total of 99 of the 102 serum specimens were confirmed as positive using Ortho Riba HCV 3.0 (Ortho Diagnostics System) and Deciscan HCV (Sanofi Diagnostics Pasteur), and 3 yielded discrepant results. As no cut-off level is known for testing saliva samples by ELISA, 3 different levels were chosen: mean (M) + 1 standard deviation (SD), M + 2 SD, and M + 3 SD of the optical densities of saliva tests of the 50 HCV serum antibody negative persons. At a level of M + 1 SD and M + 2 SD the Salivette/Mono-Lisa combination gave the greatest proportion of HCV antibody positive saliva specimens obtained from the 102 HCV serum antibody positive participants, 88% and 79%, respectively. Differences between the various collection systems and assay combinations were not significant statistically. In 76 of the 102 persons with HCV antibodies in serum, HCV RNA was detected in serum. Salivary presence of HCV RNA, however, could not be demonstrated. The results show that the assays compared are unsuitable for diagnostic use, but the sensitivities of the assays are acceptable for use in epidemiological studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…First, the clinical status of the participants in the various studies might have in¯u-ence on the results. The study population described by others consisted of subjects who had been diagnosed with chronic hepatitis [Fabris et al, 1999;Roy et al, 1999;Sugimura et al, 1995]. In the present study, liver function tests were not carried out.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Evaluation of hepatitis C antibody testing in saliva specimens collected by two different systems in comparison with HCV antibody and HCV rna in serum*

Doornum

Lodder

Buimer

et al. 2001

Journal of Medical Virology

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show abstract

“…However, some authors have reported that they were able to detect HCV in saliva samples from patients, but could not detect HCV in their blood [6,8,12,14,25]. A possible explanation for such findings is the fact that HCV can replicate in oral epithelial cells in patients without HCV in the blood, as demonstrated by Arrieta et al [49] in HCV positive patients with and without oral lichen planus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Five out of 38 publications reported100% HCV-RNA detection in saliva samples from HCV-positive patients [16,17,25,29,38]; however, only a few cases or only patients with sialoadenitis were considered in these studies, which may represent a caveat. When reports with sample sizes larger than 30 HCV-positive patients were considered separately, the broad variability of frequencies was evident, ranging from 0 to 66% [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. This variation in HCV-RNA detection frequencies in saliva samples may be due to the saliva sampling method used.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in saliva samples from patients with seric anti-HCV antibodies

Gonçalves¹,

Cunha²,

Busek³

et al. 2005

Braz J Infect Dis

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We examined the frequency of HCV-RNA in saliva samples from anti-HCV positive patients. Both plasma and saliva samples from 39 HCV patients (13 with normal liver enzymes, 19 with abnormal liver enzymes and 13 with cirrhosis) were investigated. Stimulated saliva and fresh plasma were centrifuged (900 x g,10 min) and stored at -70 o C, after the addition of guanidine isothiocyanate RNA extraction buffer. HCV-RNA was detected by RT-nested-PCR (amplification of HCV-cDNA for two rounds, using HCV primers 939/209 and 940/211). HCV genotyping was carried out by RFLP (using Mva I and Hinf 1 or Hae III and Rsa I restriction enzymes). Thirty-two out of 39 (82%; 95% CI=70-94%) anti-HCV-positive patients had HCV-RNA in plasma samples. Eight out of 39 (20.5%; 95% CI=6.6-34.4%) had HCV-RNA in the saliva. The HCV genotype in saliva samples from these patients matched the genotype found for plasma HCV-RNA. No significant correlation between the presence of HCV and either age, gender, HCV genotype or any risk factor for HCV infection was found. The observed prevalence (20.5% of anti HCV positive patients or 25% of the patients with HCV-RNA in plasma) was lower than that previously reported from other countries. The low frequency of HCV-RNA in saliva samples observed in our study may be due to the use of cell-free saliva. Other authors reporting higher frequencies of HCV-RNA in saliva used whole saliva, without centrifugation.

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“…HCV infection may account for the pathogenesis of a subgroup of Sjögren syndrome, which is considered to be a multifactorial disease (33,34). Although the HCV genes were expressed under the control of an exogenous promoter in these transgenic mice, the presence of HCV in human saliva has been reported either through the detection of HCV in human saliva or transmission of hepatitis via saliva (37)(38)(39) sialadenitis and suggest a direct role of the viral protein(s) in the pathogenesis of sialadenitis that develops in chronic HCV infection. This mouse system might be a good animal model for studying the pathogenesis of sialadenitis and other HCVassociated extrahepatic manifestations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sialadenitis histologically resembling Sjögren syndrome in mice transgenic for hepatitis C virus envelope genes

Koike

Moriya

Ishibashi

et al. 1997

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

216

113

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV), a major causative agent of non-A, non-B chronic hepatitis, is also suggested to be associated with extrahepatic manifestations such as mixed cryoglobulinemia and glomerulonephritis. Two independent lines of transgenic mice carrying the HCV envelope genes have been shown previously to express the HCV envelope proteins in organs, including the liver and salivary glands, which results in no pathological changes in the liver. Further analysis of these animals now has revealed that they develop an exocrinopathy involving the salivary and lachrymal glands. This pathology resembles Sjögren syndrome, which also is suggested to have a possible association with chronic hepatitis C. These observations suggest that HCV might be involved in the pathogenesis of sialadenitis in humans and that this transgenic mouse system would be a good animal model for the study of HCV infection.

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Correlation of detectability of hepatitis C virus genome in saliva of elderly Japanese symptomatic HCV carriers with their hepatic function

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

Evaluation of hepatitis C antibody testing in saliva specimens collected by two different systems in comparison with HCV antibody and HCV rna in serum*

Evaluation of hepatitis C antibody testing in saliva specimens collected by two different systems in comparison with HCV antibody and HCV rna in serum*

Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in saliva samples from patients with seric anti-HCV antibodies

Sialadenitis histologically resembling Sjögren syndrome in mice transgenic for hepatitis C virus envelope genes

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