Correlation of Dental Plaque Acidogenicity and Acidurance with Caries Activity – Perspectives of the Ecological Plaque Hypothesis

Andreadis, Georgios; Kalfas, Sotirios

doi:10.5176/2345-7201_1.1.09

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The increased acidogenicity in the biofilm of ECC children exposed to sucrose compared with caries-free children in the present study is in accordance with previous results that showed that dental plaque of caries-free children had significantly lower acidogenic potential than that of caries-active children [Andreadis and Kalfas, 2014]. Furthermore, our findings showing that the biofilms of ECC children ferment sucrose faster than those of caries-free children are also supported by the greater S. mutans count observed in the ECC group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Breastfeeding, Dental Biofilm Acidogenicity, and Early Childhood Caries

Neves

Ribeiro²,

Tenuta

et al. 2016

Caries Res

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Aim: This study evaluated the acidogenicity of human milk by the dental biofilms of children with and without early childhood caries (ECC). Method: Biofilms of 16 children (7 with ECC; 9 caries free) were exposed to human milk or 10% sucrose solution in the crossover design, and the biofilm pH was determined. Results: Breastfeeding did not provoke a decrease in biofilm pH, irrespective of the children's caries status, whereas sucrose decreased the pH for both groups. In addition, higher ΔpH_5min (pH variation occurring at 5 min) was observed in the biofilms of ECC children (p < 0.05). The results suggest that breastfeeding may not contribute to ECC.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Breastfeeding, Dental Biofilm Acidogenicity, and Early Childhood Caries

Neves

Ribeiro²,

Tenuta

et al. 2016

Caries Res

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“…A report by Kuramitsuet has shown that dental caries may be caused by a complex microbial community rather than a single pathogen (Kuramitsu et al, 2007 ). Our results support the ecological plaque hypothesis, which states that pathogenesis of caries connotes a microbial environmental shift toward a more acidogenic and aciduric microflora in dental plaques, due to frequent carbohydrate intake (Andreadis and Kalfas, 2014 ). We observed an increase in the number of cariogenic bacteria, e.g., Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus fermentum, Neisseria sica , and Veilonella dispar in carious children, which suggests that the oral microecological balance had been disturbed in these children.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Comparative Analysis of the Microbial Profiles in Supragingival Plaque Samples Obtained From Twins With Discordant Caries Phenotypes and Their Mothers

Zheng

Zhang

et al. 2018

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Early childhood caries (ECC), the most frequent disease of oral cavity in preschool children, is the consequence of microbial, genetic, biochemical, socioeconomic, physical, environmental and health-influencing behavioral factors. To investigate the role of the oral microbiome and the impact of host and environmental factors in the occurrence and development of ECC, we studied the supragingival plaques of 14 twin pairs and a set of triplets with discordant caries phenotypes and 15 mothers, applying the Human Oral Microbe Identification using Next Generation Sequencing technique (HOMINGS). A total of 2,293,650 reads revealed 11 phyla, 116 genera, and 139 species of micromiome. Comparative analysis between the caries and caries-free group at species level revealed that the relative abundance of Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus fermentum, Actinomyces islaelii, Neisseria sica, and Veilonella dispar was much higher in caries group (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, monozygotic twins exhibited a higher degree of similarity than dizygotic twins. Finally, we analyzed the relationship between environmental factors and the oral microbiome, and our results indicat that the frequency of taking sweet food is associated with ECC. We conclude the following. First, the occurrence of Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus fermentum, Neisseria sica, and Veilonella dispar is strongly associated with the occurrence of ECC. Second, host genetic factors influence the oral microbiome composition, while environmental and behavioral factors like the frequency of taking sweet foods have an impact on the distribution of caries-related bacteria.

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“…This is evident at both neutral and acidic pH; however, the greatest difference in acidogenic capacity between the two groups appears at neutral pH. The same trend, albeit with more intense differences, was earlier observed with dental plaque samples from children ( 22 ). A similar tendency is also seen in the correlation between the caries activity expressed as decayed teeth and the lactate producing velocity although in adults the significant correlation was only found with the acidogenic potential at pH 5.5.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…The acidogenic potential is defined as the amount (in mg) of lactic acid per mg plaque and minute of incubation, detected at either neutral or acidic pH. The ratio of the acidogenic potential at pH 5.5 by the acidogenic potential at pH 7.0 is defined as the aciduric potential ( 22 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a recent study conducted in children ( 22 ), caries activity was found to correlate with the lactate producing velocity of dental plaque not only in an acidic environment but also in a neutral one. Moreover, the difference in catabolic velocity found at neutral pH between the caries-active and caries-free children was much higher than the corresponding one at acidic pH.…”

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confidence: 93%

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Acidogenicity and acidurance of dental plaque and saliva sediment from adults in relation to caries activity and chlorhexidine exposure

Georgios¹,

Topitsoglou²,

Kalfas

2015

Journal of Oral Microbiology

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BackgroundThe ecological plaque hypothesis for the etiopathogenesis of caries implies a microbial shift towards a more aciduric dental plaque microbiota, due to a frequent carbohydrate intake. Acid tolerance has been suggested as an important property of the caries-associated bacteria and several in vitro studies with mixed cultures indicated that a low pH rather than the carbohydrate availability is responsible for microbiota shifts associated with the development of dental caries.ObjectiveTo examine 1) the acidogenic potential (amount lactate produced per mg plaque and minute, at pH 7.0 or pH 5.5) and the aciduric potential (acidogenic potential at pH 5.5/acidogenic potential at pH 7.0) of dental plaque and salivary sediment taken from caries-active or caries-free adults, and 2) the effect of a short-term chlorhexidine treatment on these potentials.DesignDental plaque and saliva sediment samples were taken from caries-free and caries-active subjects and suspended in Ringer's solution containing 1% sucrose and buffered with 0.5 M 3-[N-morpholino]propanesulfonic acid (MOPS), pH 7.0, or 3-[N-morpholino]ethanesulfonic acid (MES), pH 5.5. After incubation at 37°C for 10–20 min, the concentration of lactic acid in the suspension was determined by an enzymatic assay. The acid production of dental plaque was also determined after a period of mouth rinsing with 0.2% chlorhexidine.ResultsBoth dental plaque and salivary sediment from caries-free subjects exhibited significantly lower acidogenic potentials at both pHs compared to caries-active volunteers. The opposite was observed with the aciduric potential. Chlorhexidine treatment significantly reduced all three potentials but had no effect on the relative proportion of bacteria grown on acidic agar.ConclusionsCaries-active adults have an oral microbiota characterised by an increased catabolic velocity for sugar. The increase is more pronounced at neutral than acidic pH. Exposure to chlorhexidine, through mouthwash, temporarily decreases the acidogenicity of the microbiota.

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Correlation of Dental Plaque Acidogenicity and Acidurance with Caries Activity – Perspectives of the Ecological Plaque Hypothesis

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Breastfeeding, Dental Biofilm Acidogenicity, and Early Childhood Caries

Breastfeeding, Dental Biofilm Acidogenicity, and Early Childhood Caries

Comparative Analysis of the Microbial Profiles in Supragingival Plaque Samples Obtained From Twins With Discordant Caries Phenotypes and Their Mothers

Acidogenicity and acidurance of dental plaque and saliva sediment from adults in relation to caries activity and chlorhexidine exposure

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