Correlation of defect centers with a wavelength-dependent photosensitive response in germania-doped silica optical fibers

Simmons, Kelly D.; LaRochelle, Sophie; Mizrahi, V.; Stegeman, George I.; Griscom, David L.

doi:10.1364/ol.16.000141

Cited by 76 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In general, however, it is agreed that the UV-photosensitive response in germanosilicate glasses is linked to the presence of oxygen-deficient point defect centers associated with germanium in the glass REI-10:Photosensive PointDefectsin Optical Glasses... PotterandSinunons-Potter 7 of 31 structure. Moreover, the optical absorption bands associated with these structures have been used to explain the wavelength dependence of the photosensitive response [15].…”

Section: A Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosensitive point defects in optical glasses: Science and applications

Potter

Simmons-Potter

2000

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B:

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photosensitivity,The understanding and manipulation of the point defect structure in oxide glasses have been critical to the enhanced performance and reliability of optical-fiber-based, photosensitive photonic devices that currently fmd widespread application in telecommunications and remote sensing technologies. We provide a brief review of past research investigating photosensitive mechanisms in germanosilicate glasses, the primary material system used in telecommunications fibers. This discussion motivates an overview of ongoing work within our laboratories to migrate photosensitive glass technologies to a planar format for integrated photonic applications. Using reactive-atmosphere, RFmagnetron sputtering, we have demonstrated control of glass defect structure during synthesis, thereby controlling both the material photosensitivity (i. e. dispersion and magnitude of the refractive index change) and its environmental stability.

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Section: A Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosensitive point defects in optical glasses: Science and applications

Potter

Simmons-Potter

2000

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B:

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“…By measuring the grating strength's dependence on wavelength, the concentration of Ge E' centers created, and the absorption, the origin of the index change was established as two-photon absorption into the UV bleachable absorption band of an oxygen-deficient germania site in the glass matrix. ", 2 Careful measurement of grating growth with time revealed slow oscillations that eventually resulted in saturation of the grating reflecti,,;'y. 3 This time evolution was successfully modeled by a bleaching of the two-photon absorption band.…”

Section: Nonlinear Effects In Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…'°" Results of experiments exploring the SHG signal's dependence on length, and its variation with green seed power, also remain unexplained. 2 All-optical switching, that is. the use of high intensities to change the throughput response of a fiber device, has been demonstrated in two systems.…”

Section: Nonlinear Effects In Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intensity Dependent Refractive Index Effects in Optical Fibers and Thin Films

Siegman¹

1990

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“…It is interesting to note that in the study reported in Ref. 3 the fibers thought to be doped only with cerium were later found to contain a small amount of Tm 3 +, which may have contributed to the photochromic effect.…”

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confidence: 94%

“…The four-membered ring is thought to be isolated from the main silica network, either by the presence of partially broken bonds or by some other means.' 3 In previous work, Gabriagues and Fevrier' 4 studied the Raman spectra of a fiber that showed good secondharmonic generation efficiency in comparison with that of standard telecommunications fiber. They noted that the peaks at both 495 and 606 cm-' showed significant differences between the two fibers.…”

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confidence: 99%

Defect production in silica fibers doped with Tm^3+

et al. 1993

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Irradiation of Tm 3+ fibers with blue light at 476 nrm induces a broad-bandwidth loss in these fibers. We have measured the spectral dependence of the loss for both silica-germania and silica-alumina fibers and show through micro-Raman studies of the core regions of the fibers that this induced loss is correlated with the production of structural defects in the glass host.Defects in undoped germanosilicate fibers have a profound effect on optical properties in the visible region of the spectrum. Photoexcitation of these defects can produce a refractive-index change, which in turn can be used for many useful purposes, including the formation of gratings and second-harmonic generation in fibers. The defects responsible for this behavior have been associated with the germanium doping present in the core.`14 Glasses doped with rare-earth ions also show photochromic effects on excitation with blue light. 5 Cerium-and europium-doped fibers have both shown photochromic effects, which have been used for photoinduced second-harmonic generation 6 and to produce distributed-feedback gratings. 7 Photochromic effects in thulium-doped germanosilicate fibers have been observed by Millar et al., 8 who observed changes in the optical absorption of the Tm 3 +-doped fibers on irradiation with light at 476 nm. These effects were monitored by measurement of induced absorption at 514.5 and 633 nm before and after irradiation with light at 476 nm. 476-nm light is resonant with the 'G 4 level of thulium, and it is also close to the wavelength observed to produce photochromic effects in undoped germanosilicate fibers through two-photon absorption, 488 nm. The absorption bands were observed to appear on irradiation at 476 nm and disappear on irradiation with 514.5-nm light.In this Letter we describe further experiments on thulium-doped silicate fibers. We have measured the spectrum of the induced absorption on irradiation at 476 nm for Tm 3 +-doped silica-germania and silica-alumina fibers. We have also studied the vibrational spectrum of these glasses both before and after photochromic effects occur and find that the Raman spectra show significant changes on irradiation. Peaks appear at 495 and 606 cm-'. These peaks are associated with defects in the silica network structure itself. These photochromic effects occur in both silica-alumina and silica-germania fibers, showing that the defects are not associated with the presence of germanium in the glass structure.We prepared the fibers used in these experiments, using modified chemical vapor deposition, and doped them with thulium using solution doping. 9 The concentrations of rare earth were 1000 parts in 106 (ppm) in the aluminosilicate fiber and 3000 ppm in the germanosilicate fiber, determined from optical absorption measurements based on cross sections determined by Smith and Cohen. 1 0 Raman spectra of the core regions of the fibers were taken with a Jobin-Yvon S3000 micro-Raman spectrometer. The pump wavelength for Raman measurements was 488 nm, and all spectra were taken in a ba...

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Correlation of defect centers with a wavelength-dependent photosensitive response in germania-doped silica optical fibers

Cited by 76 publications

References 8 publications

Photosensitive point defects in optical glasses: Science and applications

Photosensitive point defects in optical glasses: Science and applications

Intensity Dependent Refractive Index Effects in Optical Fibers and Thin Films

Defect production in silica fibers doped with Tm^3+

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