Correlation of Cooling Rate, Microstructure and Hardness of S34MnV Steel

Chen, Zhiying; Nash, Philip; Zhang, Ying

doi:10.1007/s11663-019-01621-0

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…To understand the Jominy end quench test, many researchers have studied the overall phenomena of heat transfer; the phase transformation of austenite; and the estimation of hardness with distance from the quenched end during the Jominy test via the mathematical model, numerical algorithm, experimental test, empirical approach, continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagram, and finite element (FE) method [2,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Homberg [8] presented a numerical algorithm for simulating the Jominy end quench test and deriving a CCT diagram based on a model for the diffusive austenite-pearlite coupled with the non-diffusive austenite-martenite phase transition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They insisted that this is due to the used customized kinetics model based on the real measured kinetic data. Chen et al [12] investigated the correlation among hardness, cooling rate, and microstructure of a marine crankshaft S34MnV steel using the Jominy end quenching test and CCT test. They showed that the specimen cools at a faster rate near the quenched end, resulting in high hardness with generating the martensite phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Water Jet Height and End Dipping on the Cooling Rate and Hardenability in the Jominy End Quench Test

Hwang

2021

Processes

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The effects of water jet height and end dipping on cooling rate and hardenability in the Jominy end quench test were investigated to understand the Jominy test in more detail. Experimental tests were conducted under end dipping cooling condition as well as for specific water jet heights of 35, 65, and 100 mm. The thermal behavior and mechanical properties of the Jominy specimen with region were evaluated using thermocouples and hardness measurements, respectively. The effect of the water jet height on the thermal and hardness behaviors was not large; especially, the influence of water jet height was negligible when the water jet height was over 50 mm. These observations indicate that the uncertainty of the water jet height is not important during the standard Jominy end quench test. Meanwhile, during the standard Jominy test, we cannot neglect the heat flow along the radial direction of the specimen because the temperature difference between the center and surface area was not small; the maximum temperature difference was approximately 50 °C. Based on the comparative study between the standard Jominy cooling and the end dipping cooling processes, the thermal gradient along the radial direction of the specimen can be reduced with the more stable cooling condition on the Jominy end. However, the effect of temperature deviation along the radial direction of the Jominy specimen on the hardness distribution along the longitudinal direction was not large, which shows the high reliability of the Jominy end quench test.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Water Jet Height and End Dipping on the Cooling Rate and Hardenability in the Jominy End Quench Test

Hwang

2021

Processes

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“…5) Several studies related to maximizing the welded joint strength have been carried out in recent years. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Various welding processes have been used for several applications, especially to obtain steel products with high mechanical strength. However, achieving flash welded joints with such desired mechanical properties is challenging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Modeling of the Inclusion Behavior during AC Flash Butt Welding

2020

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The entrapment of inclusions in the solidified weld zone is detrimental to its mechanical properties. In an AC flash welding process, the upsetting rate, the initial temperature of the weld pool, and the size of inclusions may affect the final distribution of the inclusions. Additionally, the concentration of sulfur may induce Marangoni convection in the weld pool, which possibly affects the pushing and engulfment of inclusions by the solid at the solid-liquid interface. In the present work, a two-dimensional numerical model based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been developed to investigate the behavior of alumina inclusions during the AC flash welding of a thin SPFH590 steel plate. The Volume of Fluid (VOF) numerical model was coupled with the dynamic mesh model for the motion of plates, discrete phase for inclusion particles and solidification model. The simulation results show that the upsetting parameters significantly affect the overall inclusion motion. A high upsetting rate pushes the inclusions away from the welded joint. The high initial flash temperature does not affect the removal of inclusions from the weld zone. A similar outcome has been noted with respect to the increase in the diameter of the inclusions. Furthermore, the predicted results show that inclusions are prone to engulfment by the solidification front under the influence of higher interfacial tension between the inclusions and melt. Nevertheless, the inclusion displacement under the influence of an interfacial tension gradient is diminutive because of the rapid solidification rate of the weld pool.

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“…When dealing with bulk flanges of large dimensional size and complex structure, it should be taken into consideration that heat treatment would not be uniformly applied to each location of the products. However, most previous studies have tended to use standardized specimens [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ] or sheet plates [ 9 , 16 ] of certain sizes to which uniform heat treatment can be applied within the specimens, so the results cannot be directly used to understand the bulk flanges. It is rather useful, especially from an industrial point of view, to investigate the effect of heat treatment on flanges by directly obtaining local properties of interest from the flanges under heat treatment processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Cooling Rate during Quenching and Tempering Conditions on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Carbon Steel Flange

Kang

Park

et al. 2020

Materials

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This study investigated the mechanical properties of steel in flanges, with the goal of obtaining high strength and high toughness. Quenching was applied alone or in combination with tempering at one of nine combinations of three temperatures TTEM and durations tTEM. Cooling rates at various flange locations during quenching were first estimated using finite element method simulation, and the three locations were selected for mechanical testing in terms of cooling rate. Microstructures of specimens were observed at each condition. Tensile test and hardness test were performed at room temperature, and a Charpy impact test was performed at −46 °C. All specimens had a multiphase microstructure composed of matrix and secondary phases, which decomposed under the various tempering conditions. Decrease in cooling rate (CR) during quenching caused reduction in hardness and strength but did not affect low-temperature toughness significantly. After tempering, hardness and strength were reduced and low-temperature toughness was increased. Microstructures and mechanical properties under the various tempering conditions and CRs during quenching were discussed. This work was based on the properties directly obtained from flanges under industrial processes and is thus expected to be useful for practical applications.

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Correlation of Cooling Rate, Microstructure and Hardness of S34MnV Steel

Cited by 12 publications

References 21 publications

Effects of Water Jet Height and End Dipping on the Cooling Rate and Hardenability in the Jominy End Quench Test

Effects of Water Jet Height and End Dipping on the Cooling Rate and Hardenability in the Jominy End Quench Test

Numerical Modeling of the Inclusion Behavior during AC Flash Butt Welding

Effects of Cooling Rate during Quenching and Tempering Conditions on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Carbon Steel Flange

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