Correlation of Circulating Antibody and Cellular Immunity with Resistance against Cryptosporidium baileyi in Broiler Chickens

Hatkin, Josh M.; Jj, Giambrone; Bl, Blagburn

doi:10.2307/1592032

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The significance of these findings, and the reasons for exacerbation in the infected groups are not known. Other workers using CsA-treated chickens have not reported such signs (Hill et al, 1989;Corrier et al, 1991;Kogut & Eirmann, 1991;Hatkin et al, 1993;Dhinakar Raj & Jones, 1997), but the treatment has either not been as prolonged as here or the doses of CsA used were less.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

“…These include reovirus (Hill et al, 1989), coccidia (Kogut & Eirmann, 1991), salmonella (Corrier et al, 1991), Cryptosporidium baileyi (Hatkin et al, 1993), turkey haemorrhagic enteritis virus (Suresh & Sharma, 1995), marble spleen disease virus in pheasants (Fitzgerald et al, 1995), infectious bronchitis virus (Bhattacharjee et al, 1995;Dhinakar Raj & Jones, 1997), pneumovirus (Khehra & Jones, 1999), Leucocytozoon caulleryi (Isobe et al, 2000), infectious bursal disease (Bhawna Poonia & Shiv Charan, 2001), and turkey coronavirus (Loa et al, 2002). It has been reported that CsA prevents the synthesis of cytokines by T cells by blocking a latestage signalling pathway initiated by the T-cell receptor, which affects the production of IL-2; hence, T-cell proliferation is affected (Hill et al, 1989;Schreiber & Crabtree, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of cyclosporin A on the immune responses and pathogenesis of a virulent strain of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in chickens

Ganapathy

Bradbury

2003

Avian Pathology

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Immune responses to the virulent S6 strain of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in immunocompetent and cyclosporin A (CsA)-treated specific pathogen free chickens were investigated, and pathogenesis of the M. gallisepticum strain was also examined. Ten-day-old specific pathogen free chickens were inoculated by eye-drop with M. gallisepticum, and a control uninfected group was inoculated with mycoplasma broth. Blood was collected weekly for 4 weeks from five birds in each group and whole blood lymphocyte transformation assayed against concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide. Blood samples were also collected at intervals for serological assays. Live body weight, clinical signs and lesions were monitored, and recovery of M. gallisepticum was attempted from choanal cleft of live birds and also from various sites at necropsy. In parallel to the aforementioned groups, another set of two groups of chicks treated with CsA was infected with M. gallisepticum S6 or mycoplasma broth. These groups were subjected to the same experimental procedures. In the immunocompetent chickens, M. gallisepticum caused temporary T-cell suppression at 2 weeks post-infection. Comparison of the clinical signs and macroscopic lesions produced in immunocompetent and CsA-treated chickens indicated that T cells may not play an active role in disease development. The percentage of birds with mycoplasma isolation and the load of mycoplasmas suggested that T cells may have some role in resisting mycoplasma colonization or in the elimination of the infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of cyclosporin A on the immune responses and pathogenesis of a virulent strain of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in chickens

Ganapathy

Bradbury

2003

Avian Pathology

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“…Antibodies have been demonstrated in sera from infected mammals infected with Cryptosporidium parvum; however, there is a lack of evidence for a protective role of serum antibodies in contrast with CMI (reviewed by Heyworth 1992). There is only one documented study dealing with the role of CMI and AMM in the immune response to C. baileyi in chickens (Hatkin et al 1993). In that study, hormonally bursectomized (B-lymphocyte-deficient), cyclosporin A-treated (T-lymphocyte-deficient), Table 1 Comparisons of the mean body weight, the relative weight of the bursa of Fabricius and thymus, the BSA antibody titers, the cutaneous PHA response, the total oocyst output, and the patency of IB, IT, and IC chickens inoculated orally with Crypto-sporidium baileyi oocysts.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chickens acquire an immune response of sufficient magnitude to clear the parasite from the mucosa of the intestinal and respiratory tract and to make birds resistant to reinfection (Current and Snyder 1988;Sréter et al 1995). It has been suggested that cell-mediated mechanisms are more important in the acquired immune response to C. baileyi than are circulating antibodies in intratracheally infected broiler chickens (Hatkin et al 1993). The aim of the present study was to examine the correlation of antibody-and cell-mediated immunity with the resistance to C. baileyi in orally infected chickens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of bursectomy and thymectomy on the development of resistance to Cryptosporidium baileyi in chickens

Sréter

Varga

Békési

1996

Parasitology Research

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Comparisons were made between the course of infection with Cryptosporidium baileyi in normal chickens and in chickens with functional deficiencies in either B-lymphocytes (bursectomized) or T-lymphocytes (thymectomized). Bursectomy did not influence the acquired immune response to C. baileyi infection as measured by the oocyst excretion. However, the total oocyst output of bursectomized birds was less than a quarter of that of the controls due to the reduced site for multiplication of the parasite. The total oocyst output of thymectomized chickens was more than 2 times higher and the patency was 2 times longer as compared with control animals. Moreover, thymectomized birds failed to acquire resistance to the challenge infection. These findings attest to the primary role of cell-mediated immunity in the expression of resistance to C. baileyi as opposed to the antibody-mediated mechanisms.

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“…2) and the lowest cellular (Fig. 5) response, con®rming the pivotal role of cellular immunity in expulsion of and resistance to C. baileyi (Hatkin et al 1993). Similarly, a single larger dose of oocysts was able to induce a stronger cellular response to OCA in group CB-1 than the continuous low level uptake in CB-tr (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Immunogenicity of three oocyst extracts of Cryptosporidium baileyi in experimentally infected chickens

Hornok

Széll

Nieuwenhuijs

et al. 1999

Parasitology Research

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The immunogenic properties of water-soluble and detergent-extracted components of Cryptosporidium baileyi oocysts were studied. Oocyst cytosol antigen (OCA) containing hydrophilic proteins was obtained by freeze-thaw cycles in liquid nitrogen. This was followed by Triton X-114 extraction of remaining oocyst fragments to dissolve membrane-bound proteins (TRE). The remainder of the pellet was solubilized with sodium dodecyl sulfate and treated with 2-mercaptoethanol to reduce disulfide-linked oocyst wall proteins (BME). The immune recognition of these three extracts was evaluated during the course of experimental cryptosporidiosis in chickens using ELISA, immunoblotting, and the lymphocyte stimulation test (LST). Four groups of chickens were infected at various times with different doses of C. baileyi and one group with the mammalian parasite C. parvum. Analysis of the data revealed that OCA proteins are well recognized by serum antibodies during the infection and to a limited extent by sera from chickens infected with C. parvum. Humoral responses of chicken groups to this antigen did not correlate well with the length of patency in contrast with its cellular recognition in LST. TRE gave lower values than OCA in both ELISA and LST, though it was still specifically recognized by samples from C. baileyi-infected chickens. Antibodies reacted aspecifically with BME, since only samples of birds which were immunocompetent at the time of their infection were able to recognize this extract as antigen. Immunoblotting revealed more specific components in OCA than in TRE or BME.

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Correlation of Circulating Antibody and Cellular Immunity with Resistance against Cryptosporidium baileyi in Broiler Chickens

Cited by 21 publications

References 27 publications

Effects of cyclosporin A on the immune responses and pathogenesis of a virulent strain of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in chickens

Effects of cyclosporin A on the immune responses and pathogenesis of a virulent strain of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in chickens

Effects of bursectomy and thymectomy on the development of resistance to Cryptosporidium baileyi in chickens

Immunogenicity of three oocyst extracts of Cryptosporidium baileyi in experimentally infected chickens

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