Correlation of biomechanical stiffness with plain radiographic and ultrasound data in an experimental mandibular distraction wound

Recommendations for optimal distraction protocols for various animal models on the basis of a systematic review of the literature

“…Larger animals have the advantage of larger craniofacial structures, which allow the use of the same distraction devices used for human patients or large experimental distraction devices. In addition, anatomy and physiology are highly similar to the human situation in certain cases, while some of these models can be relatively inexpensive and easy to handle 23,50 . Advantages of a dog model include a sufficiently large maxillary sinus, a splanchnocranium comparable to the human, and a typical hypoplastic maxilla comparable to human class III conditions with reversed overjet and in cleft lip and palate patients 50 .…”

“…Accurate and reliable techniques to determine adequacy of bone fill when making the decision to remove a distractor have to be further investigated 23 . Suggestions have been made to combine data obtained from plain radiography, ultrasonography, ultrasonometry and biomechanical testing to make a rational decision to remove distraction devices in a timely manner 23 .…”

“…The pig model had been used frequently (12/54; 22%), with a total number of 221 animals ( Table 3) 6,16,[23][24][25]40,[56][57][58][63][64][65] . Animals were skeletally mature ('adult': no details on age or weight were given) in 1 case 63 and skeletally immature (described as 'skeletally immature': age 4-6 weeks, weight 20-25 kg, or as having 'mixed dentition': range 4-8 months, weight 25-30 kg) in 11 cases 6,16,[23][24][25]40,[56][57][58]64,65 .…”

“…Animals were skeletally mature ('adult': no details on age or weight were given) in 1 case 63 and skeletally immature (described as 'skeletally immature': age 4-6 weeks, weight 20-25 kg, or as having 'mixed dentition': range 4-8 months, weight 25-30 kg) in 11 cases 6,16,[23][24][25]40,[56][57][58]64,65 . In all cases, the mandible was chosen as the experimental region.…”

Biomechanical Configurations of Mandibular Transport Distraction Osteogenesis Devices

“…1,15,[18][19][20]22,26,29,42,45 Most of the power screw activation systems without guide bars are built to accomplish monofocal distraction on the mandible. 13,62,63 Power screw activation systems with one and two complementary guides are mechanically more stable than power screw activation systems without guides or supporting reconstruction plates. The average length that can be distracted by using internal MBT devices with power screw activation systems is 40 mm, 9,15,[18][19][20]47 and 50 mm of distraction by using external MBT devices.…”