Correlation Coefficients: Appropriate Use and Interpretation

Schober, Patrick; Boer, Christa; Schwarte, Lothar A.

doi:10.1213/ane.0000000000002864

Cited by 4,444 publications

(1,131 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…We also investigated possible correlations between gene expression/DNA methylation and body measurements as BMI, hip/waist ratio and weight, and between gene expression and DNA methylation using partial correlation (Pearson's), p ≤ 0.05 were considered significant and r coefficient interpreted according to Mukaka (2012) and Schober et al (2018) [22,23].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifestyle intervention in individuals with impaired glucose regulation affects Caveolin-1 expression and DNA methylation

et al. 2020

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Aims: We investigated whether a lifestyle intervention could influence expression and DNA methylation of diabetes-related genes in patients with impaired glucose regulation (IGR), the results were compared to bariatric surgery, considering it an intensive change. Methods: Twenty participants with IGR had adipose tissue biopsy and blood collected pre-and post-lifestyle (6 months) intervention; 12 obese patients had subcutaneous fat taken before and after bariatric surgery. RNA/DNA was extracted from all samples and underwent qPCR. DNA was bisulphite converted and 12 CpG sites of Caveolin-1 (CAV1) promoter were pyrosequenced. Results: lifestyle intervention resulted in opposite direction changes in fat tissue and blood for CAV1 expression and DNA methylation and these changes were correlated between tissues, while no significative differences were found in CAV1 expression after bariatric surgery. Conclusions: Our findings suggest a role for CAV1 in modulating adipocyte function as a consequence of lifestyle changes, as exercises and diet. These results may provide insights into new therapeutic targets for diabetes prevention. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifestyle intervention in individuals with impaired glucose regulation affects Caveolin-1 expression and DNA methylation

et al. 2020

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“…The agreement between the results of different tests performed to screen dogs for exposure to Leishmania and P. perniciosus saliva was estimated using Cohen's kappa (k) test (k < 0, disagreement; k = 0, poor agreement; k > 0-0.20, slight agreement; k of 0.20-0.40, fair agreement; k of > 0.40-0.60, moderate agreement; k > 0.60-0.80, substantial agreement; k > 0.80-1.00 excellent agreement; [28]) and McNemar's test used to test for significant differences between discordant results. Spearman's correlation coefficient (r s ) was determined to evaluate the strength (r s = 0, none; r s > 0-0.09, negligible; r s ≥ 0.10-0.39, weak; r s ≥ 0.40-0.69, moderate; r s ≥ 0.70-0.90, strong; r s > 0.90, very strong; [29]) of relationships between serum antibodies levels against Leishmania and against P. perniciosus saliva. Statistical significance was determined at α ≤ 0.05.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Leishmania infection and exposure to Phlebotomus perniciosus using minimal and non-invasive canine samples

Maia¹,

Cristóvão²,

Pereira³

et al. 2020

Parasites Vectors

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Background: In endemic areas of zoonotic leishmaniosis caused by L. infantum, early detection of Leishmania infection in dogs is essential to control the dissemination of the parasite to humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate the serological and/or molecular diagnostic performance of minimally and non-invasive samples (conjunctiva cells (CS) and peripheral blood (PB)) for monitoring Leishmania infection/exposure to Phlebotomus perniciosus salivary antigens in dogs at the beginning and the end of sand fly seasonal activity (May and October, respectively) and to assess associated risks factors. Methods:A total of 208 sheltered dogs from endemic areas of leishmaniosis were screened. Leishmania DNA detection in PB on filter paper and CS was performed by nested-PCR (nPCR), while the detection of anti-Leishmania antibodies was performed using IFAT and ELISA. The exposure to P. perniciosus salivary antigens (SGH, rSP01 and rSP03B + rSP01) was measured by ELISA.Results: Ninety-seven (46.6%) and 116 (55.8%) of the 208 dogs were positive to Leishmania antibodies or DNA by at least one test at the beginning and end of the sand fly season, respectively. IFAT and ELISA presented a substantial agreement in the serodiagnosis of leishmaniosis. Discrepant PB nPCR results were obtained between sampling points. Leishmania DNA was detected in CS of 72 dogs at the end of the phlebotomine season. The presence of antibodies to the parasite measured by ELISA was significantly higher in dogs presenting clinical signs compatible with leishmaniosis at both sampling points. Phlebotomus perniciosus salivary antibodies were detected in 179 (86.1%) and 198 (95.2%) of the screened dogs at the beginning and end of the phlebotomine season, respectively. Conclusions:The association between ELISA positivity and clinical signs suggests its usefulness to confirm a clinical suspicion. CS nPCR seems to be an effective and non-invasive method for assessing early exposure to the parasite. PB nPCR should not be used as the sole diagnostic tool to monitor Leishmania infection. The correlation between the levels of antibodies to P. perniciosus saliva and Leishmania antibodies suggests the use of a humoral response to sand fly salivary antigens as biomarkers of L. infantum infection.

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“…As myeloid cells are the primary source of TNF, we evaluated the correlation between the percentage of these cells in the head kidney and the relative expression of tnfa. The Spearman test of the data provided a  (rho) value of 0.8, suggesting a strong correlation between the 2 parameters [28]; however, the p-value of the test was not significant, p ≥ 0.05.…”

Section: In Vitro Stimulation Of Head Kidney Leukocytesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Dawn to Dusk: Diurnal Rhythm of the Immune Response in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss)

Montero

Strzelczyk

Chan

et al. 2019

Biology

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The daily change of light and dark periods influences different physiological processes including feeding, resting and locomotor activity. Previously, several studies on mammalian models revealed a strong link between day-night rhythms and key immunological parameters. Since teleost fishes possess innate and adaptive immune responses like those observed in higher vertebrates, we aimed to elucidate how changes in light-dark cycles shape the immune system of fish. Using the rainbow trout laboratory model, we investigated the link between diurnal rhythms and immune competence of fish. Initially, the cell composition and phagocytic activity of leukocytes was analyzed in the circulation as well as in the head kidney, the functional ortholog of mammalian bone marrow. Once the baseline was established, we evaluated the ability of fish to respond to a bacterial stimulus, as well as the changes in antimicrobial activity of the serum. Our results suggest increased immune competence during the day, manifested by the higher presence of myeloid cells in the circulation; increased overall phagocytic activity; and higher capacity of the sera to inhibit the growth of Aeromonas salmonicida. Notably, our flow cytometric analysis identified the myeloid cells as the major population influenced by the time of day, whereas IgM + B cells and thrombocytes did not vary in a significant manner. Interestingly, the presence of myeloid cells in blood and head kidney followed complementary trends. Thus, while we observed the highest number of myeloid cells in the blood during early morning, we witnessed a reverse trend in the head kidney, suggesting a homing of myeloid cells to reservoir niches with the onset of the dark phase. Further, the presence of myeloid cells was mirrored in the expression of the proinflammatory marker tnfa as well as in the number of leukocytes recruited to the peritoneal cavity in the peritonitis model of inflammation. Overall, the data suggest a connection between diurnal rhythms and the immune response of rainbow trout and highlight the relevance of rhythmicity and its influence on experimental work in the field of fish chronoimmunology.

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Correlation Coefficients: Appropriate Use and Interpretation

Cited by 4,444 publications

References 19 publications

Lifestyle intervention in individuals with impaired glucose regulation affects Caveolin-1 expression and DNA methylation

Lifestyle intervention in individuals with impaired glucose regulation affects Caveolin-1 expression and DNA methylation

Monitoring Leishmania infection and exposure to Phlebotomus perniciosus using minimal and non-invasive canine samples

Dawn to Dusk: Diurnal Rhythm of the Immune Response in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss)

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