Correlation between the Surface Air Temperature over Japan and the Global Sea Surface Temperature

Kitoh, Akio

doi:10.2151/jmsj1965.66.6_967

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…Recently, many authors have pointed out that during an El Nino/Southern Oscillation (henceforth, ENSO) event, sea surface temperature (SST) in the mid-and high-latitudes of the North Pacific varies coherently with that in tropical region to some extent (e.g., Iwasaka el al., 1987, henceforth IHT1 ;Hanawa el al., 1988, HWIST ;Kawamura, 1988 ;Yasunari, 1987aYasunari, , b, 1988Kitoh, 1988b). Among them, HWIST showed that during an ENSO event, positive SST anomalies in the ENSO year winter, i, e., winter during an ENSO event (e.g., January through March of 1983 for the 1982/83 ENSO event) appear in a wide tonal band along 30*N line, extending from the Asian coast to near 170*E, as shown ©1989, Meteorological Society of Japan in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composite Analyses of Wintertime Wind Stress Vector Fields with Respect to SST Anomalies in the Western North Pacific and the ENSO Events

Hanawa

Yoshikawa

Watanabe

1989

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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Long-term wind stress vector (WSV) fields in winter over the North Pacific, which were calculated by Kutsuwada and Teramoto (1987), are analyzed by means of the composite method with respect to SST anomalies in the mid-latitudes of western North Pacific (SST composite). According to SST anomalies, two categorized winters, i.e., warm and cold winters are selected during 24 years from 1961 to 1984. The numbers of warm and cold winters are six and five, respectively. In order to examine whether or not the composite WSV fields are well-ordered and/or rigid ones, maps of stability of WSV anomalies are constructed, and the new parameter, Degree of similarity of WSV anomaly field of each winter to the composited WSV anomaly field is introduced and discussed. Both parameters show that the extracted patterns for two categorized winters are well-ordered.In warm (cold) winter, mid-latitudes westerly weakens (strengthens) and shifts northward (southward). As a result, the East Asian Winter Monsoon (Kisetsuhu) over Japan weakens (strengthens). It is also seen that in the equatorial region, in warm winter the region with SST higher than 28* extends to the central to eastern part and its anomaly fields are very similar to those in ENSO year winter. Actually, winters selected as warm (cold) winter include the ENSO (ENSO+1) year winters, i.e., winters during ENSO events, but not the ENSO+I (ENSO) year winters.Time series of Degree of similarity for westerly region to warm-winter composited WSV anomaly fields are well in agreement with those of "Far East zonal index", which is used by the Japan Meteorological Agency.From the composite map for sea level pressures, it is shown that shifts of westerly axis correspond to north (warm winter)-south (cold winter) shifts of the Aleutian Low.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composite Analyses of Wintertime Wind Stress Vector Fields with Respect to SST Anomalies in the Western North Pacific and the ENSO Events

Hanawa

Yoshikawa

Watanabe

1989

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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“…are chosen to fully describe the Southern Oscillation. The SST anomaly at 0°N, 160°W has the highest simultaneous correlation with the SOI in the real atmosphere (Kitoh, 1988).…”

Section: Observed Datamentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The central equatorial Pacific SST maintains a high correlation with the central and eastern equatorial Pacific SST for ±6 months. This high persistence reflects the fact that the SST anomaly in this region tends to form around boreal early summer, persist throughout autumn and winter until it tends to change its sign in boreal spring (Wallace and Jiang, 1987;Kitoh, 1988). The western equatorial Pacific SST tends to correlate negatively with the central equatorial Pacific SST, but the correlation coefficient is small and insignificant.…”

Section: Lag-correlationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interannual Variations in an Atmospheric GCM Forced by the 1970-1989 SST

Kitoh¹

1991

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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“…Except for this season, the Nino3 SSTA can be predicted with a certain skill (Latif and Graham, 1991), and has a high auto-correlation until almost the next spring (see Fig. 6 of Kitoh, 1988). Tomita and Yasunari (1993) classified the ENSOs into the two types of the BO-ENSO and the LF-ENSO by occurrence duration.…”

Section: Scs and Change Of Nino3 Sstamentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea Surface Temperature in the South China Sea

Ose¹,

Song

Kitoh³

1997

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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Interannual variability of the sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) over the South China Sea (SCS) is recognized as an index for the Asian monsoon and ENSO system because of its special geographical location for that system.The following results are obtained by the statistical analysis of the observational data.(1) In the northern winter, the SCS SSTA are quite sensitive to the longitudinal shift of global wind anomalies associated with the equatorial Pacific SSTA. This fact is related to that the SCS SSTA and the neighbor SSTA have strong biennial oscillation.(2) When the global wind anomalies are shifted eastward in the winter (BO-type years), the tropical eastern Pacific SSTA tend to change in the following spring. On the other hand, when those wind anomalies are shifted westward (LF-type years), the eastern Pacific SSTA tend to be maintained through the year. The associated differences between the BO and LF-type years are found in the seasonal change of the low-level tropical wind anomalies from the preceding summer through winter.(3) The northern summer SCS SSTA seem to be controlled by in-situ low-level wind anomalies. Furthermore, easterly anomalies over South Asia and the tropical western Pacific and westerly anomalies over East Asia are found in the lower atmosphere for the positive SCS SSTA. It is also shown that the summer SCS SSTA have a statistical relationship with the equatorial central Pacific SSTA in the preceding winter. This fact suggests a relationship between the summer Asian monsoon and the winter phase of ENSO.

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Correlation between the Surface Air Temperature over Japan and the Global Sea Surface Temperature

Cited by 11 publications

References 48 publications

Composite Analyses of Wintertime Wind Stress Vector Fields with Respect to SST Anomalies in the Western North Pacific and the ENSO Events

Composite Analyses of Wintertime Wind Stress Vector Fields with Respect to SST Anomalies in the Western North Pacific and the ENSO Events

Interannual Variations in an Atmospheric GCM Forced by the 1970-1989 SST

Sea Surface Temperature in the South China Sea

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